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Literature Cited
Curtis, J. T. 1959. Vegetation of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 657 pp.
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. 910 pp.
Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance. 1944-45. Family 2. Umbellif-erae, pp. 43-295. In Rickett, H. W (ed.), North American flora. Vol. 28B. Umbellales, Cornales. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.
Scott, J. A. 1986. The butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 583 pp.
Scudder, S. H. 1889. The butterflies of the eastern United States and Canada with special reference to New England. Vol. 2. Publ. by the author, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1774 pp.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 57(2), 2003, 150-152
The original description oV'Cyaniris ladon, Cramer, var. Quesnellii" was based on two specimens taken "at Bala Lake, Quesnelle, northern B.C." (Cockle 1910). Cockle also stated that he thought it would "prove a local race which will be found abundant in the Quesnelle Valley". We recently had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of these butterflies in the Canadian National Collection of Insects and Arthropods (Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). The two specimens and their data labels are shown in Fig. 1, with lectotype and paralectotype designations provided below.
The two specimen data labels are in different handwritings. "JM- Anderson" on the paralectotype label is written as if it is a signature and the date is written in full. The label on the lectotype is printed, the date uses Roman numbers for the month, and part of the data on the other label is omitted. This suggests that J. M. Anderson wrote the paralectotype label, and someone else wrote the other when the specimens were pinned. Dr. Fletcher is more likely than Cockle for the second label, because of Cockles error in reading "Aubau" Lake as "At Bala" Lake (below).
The spelling of the lake name on the label of the paralectotype can readily be seen to be "Au Baw" Lake, with the alternative name of "Graveyard Lake". "Ah" is "Mr." in Chinese, hence the lake name referred to the Chinese Mr. Baw or Bau (alternative spellings). For many years he prospected and worked gold claims on and around what are now known as Ahbau Creek
Tietz, H. M. 1952. The Lepidoptera of Pennsylvania, a manual. Penn. State College School of Agriculture, Agric. Expt. Station, State College, Pennsylvania. 194 pp.
Andrew H. Williams, Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. Email: awilliam@facstaff.wisc.edu.
Received for publication 29 March 2002; revised and accepted 4 December 2002.
and Ahbau Lake in the summer, and trapped in the area during the winter. Apparently Cockle misread "Au Baw" as "At Bala". Ahbau Creek was labeled on maps as Graveyard Creek until 1921 (Janet Mason pers. com.), hence the alternative name Graveyard Lake. Ahbau Lake is about 40 km (25 miles) northeast of the modern town of Quesnel, apparently contradicting the "35 miles N.W." indicated on the specimen label. However, Ahbau Lake is 35 miles northwest of Quesnelle Forks, a settlement (now historic site) at the junction of the Cariboo River with the Quesnel River. Ahbau Lake is at elevation 2950 feet, not 2480 feet, but such errors in elevation were common at that time.
Ahbau Lake is not in the Quesnel River valley, as implied by Cockle, and is in what is now considered to be central, rather than northern, British Columbia ("northern" is of course a relative term). Ahbau Creek is part of the Cottonwood/Swift River watershed, the watershed immediately north of the Quesnel River watershed. The correct type locality is therefore "[Ahbau] Lake, [elevation 2950 feet], [latitude 53° 14', longitude 122°07/,] 35 miles northwest of Quesnelle [Forks], B.C.[, Canada]", with interpolated and corrected data shown in brackets and the coordinates being for the outlet at the south end of the lake.
There is a second locality label attached to one specimen, specifying Kaslo as the collection site. The date on this label is in a different handwriting than the date on the other two data labels, indicating that a third person wrote it. Celastrina ladon lucia (the true iden-
THE CORRECT TYPE LOCALITY OF CYANIRIS LADON VAR. QUESNELLII COCKLE, 1910 (LYCAENIDAE), WITH DESIGNATION OF A LECTOTYPE
Additional key words: Celastrina, nigrescens, lucia, British Columbia.
Volume 57, Number 2
151
Lectotype
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Fie. 1. The type specimens of Cyaniris ladon, Cramer, var. Quesnellii Cockle, 1910.
tity of the types, see Fig. 1) does not occur near Kaslo, so the label must be in error. Perhaps it was intended to indicate that the specimens were part of Cockle's collection (Cockle lived in Kaslo). This extra label may have contributed to the erroneous association of the name quesnellii with nigrescens Fletcher, 1903, which is discussed below.
The two specimens from which Cockle described quesnellii had labels indicating J.M. Anderson collected them on 8 June 1907. One of the labels reads "Cyaniris Quesnellii Type F & C." The designation of "Type" on this label has no bearing on the question of the type status of the specimen, even though Cockle mav have written the label. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999) requires that the designation of a type must occur in the original description, and use of the word "type" on a specimen label does not make that specimen the holotype (Article 72.4.7). The two specimens are syntypes, rather than having the status of holotype and paratype as indicated on the existing specimen labels, because Cockle did not specify a single "type" or "holotype" in the original description. Accordingly, under Article 74 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature we hereby designate one specimen (the one with the existing "type" label) as the lectotype and the other as the paralectotype, as shown in Fig. 1. The taxonomic purpose of this lectotype designation (ICZN Article 74.7.3) is to clarify that the name quesnellii is correctly associated with lucia, rather than with nigrescens, and to provide future opportunity to determine whether
quesnellii is correctly placed as a synonym of lucia Kirby, 1837.
Also of interest is the phrase "F & C". This indicates that Cockle (or the person who wrote the label) considered quesnellii to have been described by two people, with the initials presumably being an abbreviation of "F[letcher] & C[ockle]". Cockle had submitted the specimens to "the late Dr. Fletcher", who had provided comments on them, but the original description is clearly that of Cockle alone and hence Cockle is the sole author. Perhaps Cockle wrote the labels while Dr. Fletcher was still alive, with the intention that they would co-author the description, but then assumed sole authorship after Dr. Fletchers death.
Blackmore (1920) lists Lycaenopsis pseudargiolus race nigrescens form quesnelii [sic]. McDunnough (1938) follows Blackmore in listing "form quesnelii [sic] Cockle" under "Lycaenopsis pseudargiolus nigrescens", with "maculata-suffusa Cockle" as an infrasubspeciflc synonym. Comstock and Huntington (1963) list quesnellii with the correct spelling, and cite McDunnough s taxonomic placement. Dos Passos (1964) apparently copied McDunnough (1938) in placing "form quesnelii [sic] (Cockle), 1910" as a synonym of Celastrina argio-lus nigrescens (Fletcher), 1903. The listings by Black-more, McDunnough and dos Passos had several errors. First, they use two incorrect spellings of the taxon name. Second, quesnellii was clearly described not as a form but as a geographically defined variety (=subspecies). This is indicated by Cockle s statement "there is every reason to think that if this variety is found to be (as I think) a distinct local race, it should be entitled to
152
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
a specific name". Hence quesnellii is an available species-group name under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999). Third, the type specimens, and all the numerous specimens of Celastrina that Guppy has collected in the vicinity of Quesnel, are clearly referable to lucia (Kirby), 1837 and not to nigrescens (Guppy collected the nearest nigrescens 120 km south of Quesnel at Williams Lake in 2002). Miller and Brown (1981) repeated the error of placing quesnellii as a synonym of nigrescens rather than lucia, but corrected the spelling and correctly treated the name as an available species-group name. Guppy and Shep-ard (2001) placed quesnellii as a synonym of C. ladon lucia, and abbreviated the type locality to "Quesnel, B.C." because at the time Guppy had not seen the specimen labels and hence could not determine the location of "Bala Lake".
An additional name is mentioned by Cockle (1910), in the sentence "I submitted them [the specimens of quesnellii] to the late Dr. Fletcher, who wrote me that, had they been taken in Ontario, he would have named them 'maculatasuffusa'." Clearly this name is not being formally applied to the specimens in question, not even by Dr. Fletcher. It is clear that Cockle used the name quesnellii instead of the name maculata-suffusa, not in addition to that name. McDunnough (1938), Dos Passos (1964) and Miller and Brown (1981) were in error to list "maculatasuffusa (Cockle)" as a synonym of quesnellii. The name maculatasuffusa has no standing even as an infrasubspecific name, and should
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 57(2), 2003, 152-153
In the course of an ongoing inventory of the moths of Steuben, Washington Co., Maine, a single specimen of the Old World olethreutine Dichrorampha acumi-natana (Lienig & Zeller) was captured in 2001, evidently a first record for North America. The specimen, a fresh male (Figs. 1,3), was taken on a door screen at approximately 1600 h ED ST on 15 June at 44°30'22"N, 67°59'28"W Nothing is known of its origins, but as a reported root feeder on Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. and C. segetum L. (Asteraceae) (Bentinck & Diakonoff 1968, Kuznetsov 1987), it can be presumed to have developed on naturalized food-plants present within 1-2 km of the collection site.
be omitted from checklists and other publications.
We thank Janet Mason, Provincial Toponymist, Base Mapping & Geomatic Services Branch, BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management for information on the historical names of Ahbau Creek and Ahbau Lake, and the suggestion that "Quesnelle" may refer to Quesnelle Forks.
Literature Cited
Blackmore, E. H. 1920. The Lycaenidae of British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia (1919)14:5-11.
Cockle, J. W. 1910. Notes on a few butterflies found at Kaslo and in northern British Columbia. Can. Entomol. 42(6):203-204.
Comstock, W. P. & E. I. Huntington. 1963. An annotated list of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of the Western Hemisphere (continued). J. New York Entomol. Soc. 21:45-57.
Dos Passos, C. F. 1964. A synonymic list of the Nearctic Rhopalocera. Lep. Soc. Mem. l:i-v, 1-145.
Guppy, C. S. & J. H. Shepard. 2001. Butterflies of British Columbia. UBC Press Vancouver, B.C. 414 pp.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. 4th ed. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306 pp.
McDunnough, J. H. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part 1. Macrolepi-doptera. Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:3-272 (1-3 (corrigenda)).
Miller, L. D. & F. M. Brown. 1981. A catalogue/checklist of the butterflies of America north of Mexico. Lepid. Soc. Mem. 2:i-vii, 1-280.
Crispin S. Guppy, 4627 Quesnel-Hydraulic Road, Quesnel, BC V2J 6P8 Canada and Norbert G. Kondla, P.O. Box 244, Genelle, BC V0G 1G0, Canada
Received for publication 5 March 2002; revised and accepted 20 September 2002.
Initial identification of the specimen was based on figures of wings and genitalia in Bentinck and Diakonoff (1968) and Kuznetsov (1987), and confirmed by comparison with authentic Palaearctic specimens listed below. The species is distinguished from similar Nearctic forms by the acuminate shape of its forewing (signalized in its name), the continuous pale band in its terminal fringe, its diffuse dorsal patch, its broad cucullus with blunt ventral cusp, and its bifid aedeagus terminating in a distinctive open trough (Figs. 1-4). It belongs in the nominate subgenus in lacking anellar lobes but possessing a male forewing costal fold.
FIRST REPORT OF THE PALAEARCTIC DICHRORAMPHA ACUMINATANA (LIENIG & ZELLER) IN NORTH AMERICA (TORTRICIDAE)
Additional key words: immigrant, holarctic, Olethreutinae, Dichrorampha petiverella, D. vancouverana.