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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 43(1), 1989, 66-68
GENERAL NOTES
STATUS OF THE PAPILIONID TYPES PAPILIO STEWARTI AVINOFF AND P. MORRISI EHRMANN
Additional key words: taxonomy, Neotropics.
Recently we reviewed the types and some newly acquired specimens of several pa-pilionid taxa of uncertain taxonomic status known only from extremely small samples (Johnson, K., R. Rozycki & D. Matusik 1985, J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 93:99-109, 1986, 94:
Fig. 1. Papilio holotype males. A, P. stewarti, upper surface on right, under on left; forewing expanse, base to apex, 50.0 mm; B, P. morrisi, as above; forewing expanse 40.0 mm.
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Fig. 2. Papilionid male genital valves, inner lateral view. A, Papilio stewarti holotype male; B, P. scamander joergenseni, Tucuman, Argentina (David Matusik Collection); C, P. morrisi holotype male; D, Protesilaus xenaides, Rio Pastaza, Ecuador (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York).
383-393; Johnson, K. & R. Rozycki 1986, J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 94:516-525; Johnson, K., R. Rozycki & D. Matusik 1986, J. Lepid. Soc. 40:65-66; Johnson, K. & D. Matusik 1987, J. Lepid. Soc. 41:65-69, 108-113; Johnson, K., D. Matusik & R. Rozycki 1987, J. Res. Lepid. in press). The status of two other papilionid taxa, P. stewarti Avinoff and P. morrisi Ehrmann, are of interest to South American colleagues preparing a study of Neotropical Papilionidae (K. S. Brown Jr. pers. comm.). These taxa, originally described as species from one, or very few, specimens (types at Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, CMNH), have had little subsequent report in the literature, and their genitalia have hitherto not been examined.
Papilio stewarti (Avinoff, A. 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 16:355-375, type locality, TL, Samaipata, Bolivia). The holotype male (Fig. 1A) indicates P. stewarti belongs to the "scamander Group" of Pterourus (tribe Papilionini) (sensu Hancock, D. L. 1983, Smith-ersia 2:1-48), and is a synonym of the tailed subspecies P. scamander joergenseni Rober (Rober, J. K. M. 1925, Entomol. Mitteil. 14:85) which occurs commonly southward in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (D'Almeida, R. F. 1965, Catalogo dos Papilionidae Americanos, Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, 366 pp.). Male genitalia of P. stewarti (Fig. 2A) differ negligibly from P. s. joergenseni (Fig. 2B) and nominate P. scamander (Johnson, Matusik & Rozycki 1985, above:fig. 2A).
Papilio morrisi (Ehrmann, G. A. 1921, Lepidoptera 5(2): 17, TL of original description "Peru" but TL of holotype "Loja, S.E. Peru" [sic]). The holotype male (Fig. IB) indicates P. morrisi belongs to the "lysithous Group" of Protesilaus (tribe Leptocircini) (sensu Hancock 1983, above), and, more specifically, the "harmodius cluster" (sensu Johnson, Rozycki & Matusik 1986, J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 94:383-393; 1987, above). Wing characters (Fig. IB), genitalia (Fig. 2C), and locality data (other P. morrisi specimens labelled "Rio Bamba, Ecuador") indicate P. morrisi is a synonym of Protesilaus xenaides (Hewitson) (Fig. 2D) (Johnson, Rozycki & Matusik 1986, J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. above:fig. 4F).
W. J. Holland (1927, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 17:299-365) noted that Ehrmann, in describing many (often synonymic) taxa, sometimes made clerical errors. Holland, in his entry concerning P. morrisi, repeats Ehrmann's citation of "Peru" as the type locality,
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but in text cites Ehrmann's "notebook" as stating "Laja, Peru" [sic]. Holland questioned this as possibly "Loja" [Ecuador]. The holotype's labels, not figured by Holland (but shown here in Fig. IB) appear to say "Loja" [Ecuador], compatible with data on two paratype males (CMNH) labelled "Rio Bamba, Ecuador".
Kurt Johnson, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024; David Matusik, Department of Entomology, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605; and Rick Rozycki, 5830 South McVicker Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60638.
Received for publication 8 December 1987; accepted 19 September 1988.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 43(1), 1989, 68-71
REPEATED COPULATION IN AN ORANGE HAIRSTREAK, SHIROZUA JANASI. A CASE OF MATE GUARDING?
Additional key words: Lycaenidae, mating, behavior.
In butterflies, multiple copulations are common not only in males (Svard, L. & C. Wilkund 1986, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18:325-330) but also in females (Burns, J. M. 1968, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61:852-859; Ehrlich, A. H. & P. R. Ehrlich 1978, J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 51:666-697; Thornhill, R. & J. Alcock 1983, The evolution of insect mating systems, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 547 pp.; Drummond, B. A. 1984, pp. 291-370 in Smith, R. L. (ed.), Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 687 pp.). However, within-a-day repeated copulations are very rare in both sexes (Svard & Wilkund, above; Fujii, H. unpubl. data).
Recently, Tanaka and Unno (in Fukuda, H., E. Hama, K. Kuzuya, A. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, B. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, M. Wakabayshi & Y. Watanabe 1984, The life histories of butterflies in Japan, Vol. 3, Hoikusha, Osaka, 373 pp., Japanese, English summary) observed that females of an orange hairstreak, Shirozua janasi (Janson) soon copulated with other males after preceding copulations. Such immediate remating seems to be exceptional in butterflies.
In the summer of 1986, I observed repeated within-pair copulations in S. janasi. This paper describes mating behavior in S. janasi and suggests that mate guarding is a possible consequence of remating.
Shirozua janasi is the only omnivorous species in the tribe Theclini. Like other Theclini, it has one generation per year, and imagines are on the wing from late July to September (Fukuda et al., above).
Field observations were made in secondary forest including Quercus serrata Murray (Fagaceae), Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Larix Kaempferi (Lamb.) (both Pinaceae), at Sakai village, Nagano, Japan in August 1986.
The male of S. janasi flies 3-10 m above the ground and alights just behind the female. This has been called a patrolling-type mate-locating strategy (Scott, J. A. 1973, J. Res. Lepid. 11:99-127; Fujii, H. 1982, Yadoriga (107/108):l-37, Japanese). Then the male's wings are held open about 30° apart and fluttered. The male moves slowly to the side of the female, bends its abdomen towards the tip of the female's abdomen, and copulates (Fig. 1). This courtship sequence usually ends in successful copulation within 5 sec.
During the survey, five courting pairs were found, and all copulated thereafter. At intervals after copulation began, I disturbed these pairs by approaching or touching them with my fingers until they separated or flew away in copula. As shown in Table 1, most