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Volume 39, Number 3
235
oviposition sites when older. Older, mated tsetse flies exhibit different habitat preferences from new females in the Ivory Coast (e.g., Gouteux, 1982, Cah. Orstom. Ser. Entomol. Med. Parasitol. 20:41-61). In short, we might have missed finding older female Hamadryas (with "worn" wings) since our census program was very limited. But, both "fresh" and "worn" males and females of Morpho peleides Kollar (Morphidae) exhibit confined movements in the Barranca Site forest throughout the dry season (Young & Thomason, 1974, op. cit.).
We were surprised to find no evidence of adult feeding in our brief study, with the exception of observing one adult on the banana bait at the Barranca Site. While these butterflies are known to feed on sweet smelling rotting fruits (e.g., Schwartz, 1983, op. cit.) as well as on tree sap (Ross, 1976, op. cit.) and horse dung (Jenkins, 1983, op. cit.), we did not observe feeding on naturally occurring food sources. The cattle trail that runs to one side of the trees along the highway had piles of fresh dung (cattle and horse). Jenkins (1983, op. cit.) suggests a preference for horse dung over cattle dung by these butterflies. Whether or not there is a cessation of adult feeding in the dry season physiologically linked to a probable reproductive diapause, remains to be studied. Subsequent to this study, one of us (A.M.Y.) observed H. amphinome mexicana (Lucas) feeding on freshly fallen "guava" fruits at "Finca La Tirimbina," near La Virgen (10°23'N, 84°07'W; 220 m), Sarapiqui District, Costa Rica on 2-4 August 1984. Several butterflies were seen inserting their probosci into small wounds in the fruits (1100-1400 h).
Because shaded pockets of forest in highly seasonal tropical localities are refugia for many animals during the dry season, predation upon adult Hamadryas may be exceedingly high at these times, further selecting for avoidance of feeding, particularly on the ground. Lizards and birds figure prominently as predators on adult Hamadryas (Jenkins, 1983, op. cit.). Different types of predators, attacking different life stages, may act at different seasons to exploit Hamadryas populations. If predation on adults is high during the dry season, it might be lower in the rainy season and replaced at these times by increased mortality of immature stages. In the seasonal tropics, some insect populations are "regulated" by varying sets of mortality factors associated with seasonality (e.g., Page, 1980, Bull. Entomol. Res. 70:621-633). At times of the year when both larval and adult food resources are abundant, immature stages of Hamadryas populations may build up most intensely in the vicinity of adult resources, as suggested by some temperate zone butterfly studies (Murphy, 1983, Environ. Entomol. 12:463-466). When this occurs, Hamadryas caterpillars may become a major herbivore of Dalechampia situated near adult feeding sites (Armbruster, 1982, op. cit.). However, such an interaction is predicted, on the basis of our preliminary results, to be inoperative during the latter half of the dry season in the lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica.
This study was made possible by a grant from The Friends of the Museum of the Milwaukee Public Museum. We thank Joan P. Jass for field assistance.
Allen M. Young and Susan S. Borkin, Invertebrate Zoology Section, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 39(3), 1985, 235-236
DONATION OF BLANCHARD LEPIDOPTERA COLLECTION TO THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Until recently, few regions of comparable diversity in the United States had been as little surveyed for Lepidoptera as the State of Texas. Thus, it is with considerable gratitude and respect that the Smithsonian Institution acknowledges the donation of the largest and finest prepared collection of Lepidoptera ever assembled from this region, as well as the total accomplishments of Mr. Andre Blanchard, the man responsible.
236 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
The fascinating life of Andre Blanchard consists of a sequence of successful careers too diverse to summarize adequately in this short note. During his earliest career with the French Navy, he served in numerous capacities, ranging from a seaplane pilot to the commander of the research ship Les Eparges. Following a distinguished military career, he eventually became head of the Physics Laboratory of the Michelin Tire Company, transferring in 1943 to Schlumberger, where he rose to Vice President of Research and Development. Interspersed between these responsibilities was a brief career during World War II when Blanchard served as a translator for the War Department.
Of most concern to entomologists were Blanchard's activities following his retirement from Schlumberger in 1961. It was then that he began to survey the Lepidoptera, moths in particular, of his adopted state, Texas. He had previously collected Lepidoptera in his native France, but never with such dedication nor determination. His accomplishments since 1961 must surely be an inspiration to anyone contemplating retirement. Not content with amassing a fine and valuable collection, Blanchard quickly assumed an active research interest on the moths of Texas. Thus far, he has authored or co-authored 51 papers in this series, mostly treating the Pyralidae and Tortricidae.
The Blanchard Collection totals 76,852 specimens of which 60,233 are Lepidoptera and 16,305 are Coleoptera. The Macrolepidoptera are the best represented, particularly the Noctuidae (over 18,500 specimens) and Geometridae (ca. 8000). The Pyraloidea (over 9000) and Tortricoidea (ca. 4000), which became a major focus of his over the last decade, are also strongly represented. Some of the larger Microlepidoptera (e.g., Acrolophinae) are likewise present in large series. Included in the collection are 82 holotypes and over 700 paratypes. The research value of the Blanchard Collection is further enhanced by more than 4600 microslides, mostly of genitalia.
Mr. Blanchard continues to reside in Houston, Texas with his second wife May Elise, who was instrumental in assisting her husband in his collecting efforts.
Donald R. Davis, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.