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Volume 37, Number 1
79
fiably assumed by the abundant field data available on these species) is preserved by the oviposition habits of the female, according to Hopkins' Hostplant Principle.
Kurt Johnson, Dept. of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, New York 10024.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 37(1), 1983,79-80
THE TYPE OF ARGYNNIS APACHEANA SKINNER
In 1954 (Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 80:91-117) Gillham & Ehrlich published an excellent review of the butterfly names established by Henry Skinner. They questioned the statement in dos Passos & Grey (1947, Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 1370, 30 pp.) that the type of Argynnis apacheana Skinner is from Arizona and in the Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia. The specimen referred to by dos Passos & Grey was in the collections of the Academy, but has been transferred to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is designated ANSP No. 7031 and carries labels reading "holotype" and "Arizona, collector Skinner." This is contrary to Skinner's declaration of the type oi apacheana in the original description, quoted by Gill-ham & Ehrlich.
Skinner (Entomol. News 29:67, 1st paragraph) wrote: "I propose the name apacheana for the species oi Argynnis described and figured by Mr. W. H. Edwards in Volume I of his Butterflies of North America, plate IV oi Argynnis, figures 1, 2, 6, 3, 4, 9, under the name nokomis." There is no other declaration of type in the article. The butterfly figured on this plate is not the type of the name nokomis. In fact, the plate in bound copies of the volume is not the original plate which was drawn from the type by Wiest. The plate referred to is the replacement for that plate. The new plate was drawn by Mrs. Mary Peart from specimens collected by the Wheeler Expedition in 1871, eight years after nokomis had originally been described.
Almost everyone has been misled by the locality designation "Arizona" for material sent east by the 1871 Wheeler Expedition. This designation is very much like the old one "Bogota" for Colombian butterflies; meaningless. A timetable and route for the expedition was published by Brown in 1957 (J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 65:219-234). The cases of specimens for the Smithsonian Institution were dispatched from Tucson, Arizona, the breakup point, in December 1871. These boxes contained material from most of the route. All that Baird told Edwards when he transmitted the material is that he had received it from Arizona (Brown, F. M., 1965, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 91: 233-350).
Some years ago I sent Scott Ellis and Samuel Johnson to Owens Valley, California to see if they could recover the species collected there by Bischoff and thus, narrow down type localities. They were successful in general but unsuccessful for Cercyonis wheeleri and Speyeria "nokomis" (apacheana). Diversion of water from Owens Valley by the city of Los Angeles has destroyed the niches in which these sensitive species had lived. It is only in the vicinity of Round Lake, where the requisite Viola grows in the understory of the meadow and bog grasses, that apacheana is still found.
Dr. dos Passos is very ill, so I asked Mr. Paul Grey to correct the type statement, but he asked that I do it. Since the figure upon which Skinner based his name apacheana was drawn from material collected by Bischoff in 1871, that material must supply the type. The specimen that was used by Mrs. Mary Peart for the model of the male figure on plate Argynnis IV must be considered the type of apacheana. That specimen was
80 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
retained by W. H. Edwards and now is with his collection in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pa. Its locality of capture at this time can be given no more closely than vicinity of Independence, Inyo Co., California, from a colony now extinct.
F. Martin Brown, Wright-Ingraham Institute, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80911.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 37(1), 1983,80-81
A NEW FOOD PLANT RECORD FOR CHLOSYNE GORGONE CARLOTA (REAKIRT) (NYMPHALIDAE)
Host plants recorded for the larval stages of Chlosyne gorgone carlota (Reakirt) include a wide variety of genera in several families. While most authors (Klots, 1951, Field Guide to the Butterflies, Houghton Mifflin Co.; Forbes, 1960, Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States, Part IV, Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Memoir 371; Ehrlich & Ehrlich, 1961, How to Know the Butterflies, Wm. C. Brown Co.; Tietz, 1972, An Index to the Described Life Histories, Early Stages, and Hosts of the Macrolepi-doptera of the Continental United States and Canada, Allyn Mus. Entomol., Sarasota, FL; Johnson, 1972 (1973), J. Res. Lepid. ll(l):l-64) list Aster spp. and Helianthus spp. (Compositae) as the primary food plants, C. g. carlota larvae have also been re-
FiGS. 1-4. Female specimens of Chlosyne gorgone carlota from Missouri: 1, 2, female showing typical markings of this species, dorsal and ventral views, respectively; 3, 4, female reared from Ambrosia trifida, dorsal and ventral views, respectively.