The text below is grayed out because it is not intended to be read. It is a necessarily imperfect OCR of the original and is only used by a search engine.
Volume 36, Number 3
237
surface of the primaries was brown throughout with no white present. There was no trace of green iridescence at the base that Evans indicated might be present in siges; thus, indicating it was not that species. The genitalia are somewhat similar to Evans' figure of creteus. Since describing escalantei I have acquired another male specimen from E. C. Welling, collected at Muste, Chiapas, Mexico, 31 July 1968, which has the same characteristics as the two males from Ocozingo used in the original description. S. R. Steinhauser (1975, Bull. Allyn Mus. No. 29:1-34) indicated in his article "An Annotated List of the Hesperiidae of El Salvador," that the females that he had collected were definitely crana, but the males were somewhat similar to escalantei. With the available information it appears as if the females of Evans' crana have the characteristics that he indicated, but the males of that species lack the white on the costa of the lower surface of the primaries. With the available information present, I place escalantei as a synomym of crana.
Hugh Avery Freeman, 1605 Lewis Drive, Garland, Texas 75041.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 36(3), 1982, 237
PROLONGED PUPAL DIAPAUSE OF ALYPIA OCTOMACULATA (AGARISTIDAE)
A recent note by C. Brook Worth (1979, J. Lepid. Soc. 33(3): 166) concerning pupae of Citheronia regalis Fabricius, which overwintered twice, prompts this additional note on pupal longevity. During the twenty years I have been rearing various species of moths I have found that a small percentage of the pupae of some species will diapause for two years. I have experienced this phenomenon in some broods, though not in every brood, of Hemileuca maia Drury, Ceratomia amyntor Hubner, Eupackardia calleta West., Callosamia promethea Drury, C. angulifera Walker, hybrids of prome-thea x angulifera, and even three and four year diapause in Saturnia pyri Denis & Schiffermuller (Bryant, 1980, Maryland Entomologist 1(4):8-9). Alypia octomaculata Fabricius represents the first instance of an agaristid with a protracted diapause.
On 30 April 1977, while on a collecting trip to the Green Ridge Mountain area of western Maryland with the Maryland Entomological Society, I caught a female Octomaculata ovipositing on Vitis sp. Upon returning home, the moth was placed in a plastic bag containing leaves of Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.), where it deposited approximately eighty ova. The larvae were reared to maturity on P. quinquefolia and fifty pupae were obtained (Bryant, in litt.). Since the Baltimore population is double brooded, I had expected the moths to begin emerging in July. Apparently, however, the western Maryland population is univoltine, as no moths issued from the pupae that summer nor have any emerged during the mid-season flight period in the ensuing years.
The pupae were left, in plastic shoe boxes at ambient temperatures, throughout the summer, fall, and winter of 1977 and on 20 May 1978 moths began emerging. Only nine adults were obtained in 1978. The pupae remained in the plastic boxes for the rest of 1978 and on 2 May 1979 activity was noticed in the boxes. Twenty-five adults emerged in 1979. On the chance that there might still be a few viable pupae among the remaining sixteen unhatched individuals, they were left undisturbed for a third year. Moths were again noticed flying in the boxes on 23 May 1980. Four adults were obtained during the spring flight period in 1980. Convinced that I had seen the last live moths from those old pupae, I decided to clean out the boxes but luckily never followed through. To my astonishment, a single living female was discovered in one of the boxes on 18 May 1981. The boxes will now be observed regularly until a season passes with no new emergences, at which point any remaining pupae will be dug out of their pupal chambers and examined.
Robert S. Bryant, 522 Old Orchard Rd., Baltimore, Maryland 21229.