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Volume 31, Number 2

135

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PETROVA MOTHS FROM PINE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA (TORTRICIDAE, OLETHREUTINAE)

William E. Miller

USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108

The genus Petrova is holarctic in distribution and its known hosts are conifers, pines in particular. The larvae are usually shoot borers. Forest entomological investigations in India and Thailand have revealed two previously unknown members of Petrova whose descriptions follow. One of them has adapted to an introduced North American pine in southeast Asia.

In this paper the letter n denotes number of specimens underlying an observation or conclusion. Color names accompanied by a parenthetical number indicate standard colors in the system of Kelly & Judd (1965).

For specimens and information I thank Chavewan Hutacherern, Thailand Royal Forest Department, Bangkok; M. J. Chacko and T. Sankaran, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (CIBC), Indian Station, Bangalore; and Fujio Kobayashi, Government Forest Experiment Station, Momoyama, Kyoto, Japan.

Petrova khasiensis Miller, new species Figs, la-c

Male. (2 n) Head: Labial palpus short, second segment 0.9 X eye diameter, apical segment 0.4X length of second segment; scaling spreading, partly obscuring apical segment, orange brown, darker toward base. Scaling of front and crown lighter hued than labial palpus. Thorax: Dorsal scaling, including tegulum, shining brown, some scales white tipped. Venter and prothoracic and mesothoracic legs shining brown, metathoracic legs lighter, tibiae and tarsi white banded. Forewing: Length 7.0-8.5 mm, 2.6X width; apex acute, termen slightly convex, tornal angle distinct. Upper side (Fig. la) with indistinct basal patch, shining gray from base to middle with sprinkling of strong brown, strong brown beyond middle except for four paired white marks on costa, which continue irregularly and intermittently to dorsum as silver and white bands and form a rudimentary ocellus; about 15 black scales sprinkled in ocellar area. Fringe gray, tinged with orange brown. Underside gray, mottled with white in costal area. Hindwing: Wider than forewing, termen concave, curved to dorsum, tornal angle not discernible. Shining gray throughout. Fringe pale gray. Underside gray, lighter than underside of forewing. Abdomen: Dorsal scaling shining light brown, ventral shining white. Genitalia (2 n) with valva moderately constricted, clasper a broad ridge (Fig. lb); uncus slightly developed.

Female. (6 n) As described for male with following exceptions. Forewing: Length 8.0-9.5 mm, 2.4X width. Abdomen: Genitalia (4 n) with sterigma a shield-like plate (Fig. lc), a sclerotized incomplete ring near middle of ductus, two unequal sized thorn-like signa. Posterior apophyses shorter than anterior.

Types. Holotype, male (Fig. la) and allotype, female: Upper Shillong, Assam

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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society

Fig. 1. Petrova khasiensis: a. holotype, male; b. male valva; c. female sterigma. Fig. 2. Petrova salweenesis: a. holotype, male; b. male valva; c. female sterigma. Fig. 3. Petrova cristata: a. female from near Kyoto, Japan, forewing length 8.0 mm; b. male valva; c. female sterigma.

(now Meghalaya), March 1963, CIBC, male genitalia slide 173 and female genitalia slide 170 (R. B. Moore) and wing slide 11.24.76 (W. E. Miller), both types in US National Museum of Natural History. Two paratypes: same data as holotype except male genitalia slide 376301 (W. E. Miller) in US National Museum of Natural History, and female genitalia slide 412763 (W. E. Miller) in collection of CIBC Indian Station, Bangalore. Four additional females examined, one with same data as holotype, two with same except August 1968.

Host. Pinus khasya Royle.

Geographic distribution. Khasi Hills of northeastern India.

Petrova salweenensis Miller, new species

Figs. 2a-c

Male. (4 n). As in khasiensis with following exceptions. Thorax: Dorsal scaling lighter and sprinkled with strong brown. Forewing: Length 6.0-7.5 mm; upper side (Fig. 2a) more heavily sprinkled with strong brown from base to middle, basal patch distinct. Abdomen: Genitalia (3 n) with valva greatly constricted (Fig. 2b), uncus moderately developed.

Volume 31, Number 2

137

Female. (5 n). As described for male with following exceptions. Forewing: Length 6.0-8.5 mm. Abdomen: Genitalia (5 n) as in khasiensis except sterigma more elongate (Fig. 2c).

Types. Holotype, male (Fig. 2a): Baw Luang, Thailand, March 20, 1972, D. Chaiglom; allotype, female, Chiangmai, Thailand, March 10, 1975, Chavewan, female genitalia slide 22476a (W. E. Miller), both types in US National Museum of Natural History. Two paratypes: Baw Luang, Thailand, March 1976, Chavewan, male genitalia slide 376305, and female genitalia slide 376304 (W. E. Miller) in US National Museum and Thailand Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, respectively. Five additional specimens examined, two males and three females, same data as paratypes.

Hosts. Finns khasya, P. merkusii De Vries, and P. caribaea Morelet, the last introduced from North America.

Geographic distribution. Northwestern Thailand.

Discussion

The closest known occurrences of Petrova khasiensis and P. salweenensis to one another are 960 air km apart. Both species are similar to P. cristata (Walsingham) (Figs. 3a-c; illustrated by Issiki (1957) in color) whose nearest known occurrence is Canton, China (Obraztsov, 1964), 1,500 air km northeast of Chiangmai. Both new species were compared with P. cristata reared from Pinus thunbergii Pari, near Kyoto, Japan (5n). The main anatomical differences are summarized as follows:

Strong brown is much lighter than dark brown. Color and other anatomical differences between adult Petrova khasiensis and P. salweenensis are minor, but it is desirable for communication purposes to treat them as separate taxa unless future biological investigations prove them conspe-cific and reduce the weights of current diagnostic characters.

Pine biogeography suggests how Petrova khasiensis and P. saliveenensis may have evolved. The two species appear to be isolated from one another by disjunct distribution of the shared host, Pinus khasya (variously spelled such as kesiija and considered by some authors to be P. insularis

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Endl.). Pinus khasya does not occur at low elevations and there are 100-km gaps between its occurrences from the Khasi Hills of northeastern India (range of Petrova khasiensis) to the highlands of Thailand (range of P. salweenensis) (Critchfield & Little, 1966; Mirov, 1967). Pinus merkusii and other pines likewise seem to be absent in these gaps. In Pleistocene times, the cool climate that allowed pines to migrate southward through Indochina (Mirov, 1967) must have allowed P. khasya to occur at low elevations, perhaps in continuous distribution. As the climate warmed at the end of the Pleistocene, P. khasya would have retreated from low elevations to form its fractured distribution pattern, thereby creating islands of Petrova that speciated. Under this hypothesis, related Petrova might occur in other subdivisions of the Pinus khasya range.

Literature Cited

Critchfield, W. B. & E. L. Little, Jr. 1966. Geographic distribution of the

pines of the world. U.S. Dept. Agric, For. Serv. Misc. Publ. 991, 97 p. Issiki, S. 1957. Eucosmidae. P. 53-75. In Icones Heteroceromm Japonicorum in

Goloribus Naturalibus, by T. Esaki and others. 318 p. Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan.

(Japanese). Kelly, K. L. & D. B. Judd. 1965. The ISCC-NBS method of designating colors

and dictionary of color names. U.S. Dept. Comm. Natl. Bur. Stand. Circ. 553,

158 p. Mirov, N. T. 1967. The genus Pinus. Ronald Press, New York. 602 p. Obraztsov, N. S. 1964. Die Gattungen der palaearktischen Tortricidae. II. Die

Unterfamilie Olethreutinae, 5. Teil. Tijd. Entom. 107: 131-178.

A RECORD OF URBANUS SIMPLICIUS (HESPERIIDAE) FOR THE USA

Tilden (1965, J. Lepid. Soc. 19: 53-55) summarized the differences between Urbanus simplicius (Stoll) and Urbanus procne (Plotz). He found that most if not all records of simplicius from the USA were erroneous, a result of confusion of that species with procne.

I took a fresh male simplicius in Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, Hidalgo Co., Texas, on 13 April 1974. The specimen was collected at a large patch of thisde, Cirsium texanum Buckl. (Compositae), whose blossoms were attracting many skippers. Of the 35 species of Hesperiidae present, other interesting species were Urbanus doryssus Swainson, Astraptes anaphus annetta Evans, Aguna asander (Hewitson), Cogia outis (Skinner), and C. hippalus (Edwards). These are apparently the first records from the Lower Rio Grande Valley for the two Cogia Species.

I wish to thank the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for the issuance of a collecting permit for Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park.

Mike A. Rickard, 4618 Holly, Bellaire, Texas 77401.