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234
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
were somewhat worn. Also on 31 May, two worn males and a fresh female were collected in Bradley Township, Lincoln Co. These specimens, taken by Fay Karpuleon of Eau Claire, were found in the open portion of a large acid bog. These records indicate that B. frigga probably exists throughout the northern quarter of Wisconsin wherever there are suitable bogs.
These dates of collection appear to be more advanced than normal, probably due to unseasonably high temperatures during the third week of May. An unusually early Oeneis jutta (Hiibner) was also taken on 25 May at the Langlade Co. locality. The earliest date that O. jutta was collected in neighboring Marathon Co. was 31 May.
Boloria frigga appears to be restricted to open, sedgy sphagnum bogs (Fig. 2). The bogs at all localities tended to be quite wet. At the localities visited by the authors, the bogs supported scattered Larix laricina (Tamarack), clumps of Betula pumila (Dwarf Birch) and Salix pedicellaris (Bog Willow). Also present were Kalmia polifolia (Swamp Laurel), Andromeda glaucophylla (Bog Rosemary), Chamaedaphne caliculata (Leather Leaf) and an occasional Sarrcenia purpurea (Pitcher-plant).
The specimens of Boloria frigga are presently retained by their respective collectors.
Leslie A. Ferge, Rt. 5, Town Line Road, Wausau, Wisconsin 54401. Roger M. Kuehn, 5042 N. 61st Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53218.
ADDITIONAL NEW BUTTERFLY RECORDS FROM FLORIDA
Florida continues to be a source of new records of Lepidoptera in spite of burgeoning land development and destruction of the natural habitat. However, some species may benefit from this as certain ornamental plants become more widespread. We report herein one new U.S.A. record (Pieridae), one new Florida record (Lycaenidae), and additional records of some recently reported species.
Pieridae
Phoebis orbis (Poey). A single fresh male of this species (previously unrecorded from the U.S.A.) was taken on 25 April 1973 at about 1200 EST, on Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Fla. It was captured visiting flowers with other Phoebis species, on Sands Rd. across from a pine forest. No others were seen in the area.
P. orbis is illustrated by Lewis (1973, Butterflies of the World. Chicago. 312 p.). However, the specimen taken has a milky white ground color rather than the yellow shown by Lewis, and the basal patch on the upper forewing is orange rather than dark yellow.
P. orbis has previously been reported from Cuba and Hispaniola (Scott 1971, J. Res. Lepid. 9: 249-256), and the Florida specimen reported in the present paper is evidently a stray.
Anteos maerula maerula (Fabricius). Five specimens were taken on 31 August 1973 on Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Fla. These were caught during intermittent rain showers while visiting flowers along the road.
Nymphalidae
Anartia lytrea chrysopelea (Hiibner). Six fresh specimens of this recently reported species (Anderson 1974, J. Lepid. Soc, 28: 354-359) were taken on 24 and 25 April 1973, on Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Fla. Two specimens were deposited in the Carnegie Museum and two in the M. Howard Collection.
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Lycaenidae
Tmolus azia (Hewitson). The first specimen of Tmolus azia taken in Florida was a worn female on 28 June 1974 in Fairchild Gardens, Dade Co. This butterfly was found on an ornamental acacia. A second specimen, also female, was taken on 27 April 1975 at the same location on Montezuma speciosissima Moc. & Sesse (Malvaceae).
A third record of T. azia was contributed by Mr. Charles Covell, who captured a single fresh specimen on 12 May 1975 near Homestead, Dade Co., Fla.
T. azia is found in South and Central America extending into the extreme southern portions of Texas and Arizona (Erlich & Erlich 1961, How to Know the Butterflies. Dubuque, Iowa. 200 p.), but there are no records of this species from the Antilles (Scott 1971, J. Res. Lepid. 9: 249-256). T. azia may, therefore, represent a recent introduction to Florida, perhaps associated with exotic ornamental plants.
Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). This species, also reported by Anderson (1974, J. Lepid. Soc, 28: 354-359), is taken commonly at Fairchild Gardens, Dade Co., Fla., where it is associated with Denis sp. (Leguminosae), a group of trees and shrubs native to India. However, immatures have not been found on this plant. E. angelia was also taken on 8 May 1975, in a sawgrass marsh located near the junction of U.S. Highway 41 and State Road 27 in Dade Co., Fla.
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank Dr. Lee Miller of the Allyn Museum of Entomology for help with determination of Tmolus azia, Phoebis orbis, and Anartia lytrea chrysopelea and Dr. Harry Clench of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History for help with determination of Anartia lytrea chrysopelea.
Robert Bennett, 1228 Miles Avenue, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001. Edward C. Knudson, 7211 Cecil Street, Apt. 3, Houston, Texas 77025.
NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY OF A MONARCH BUTTERFLY (DANAIDAE)
Rhopalocera are generally diurnal in habits, even becoming inactive during total solar eclipses (Moucha 1964, J. Lepid. Soc. 18: 109-110). Scattered reports of Rhopalocera at artificial light, including light traps, have indicated some nocturnal activity of these insects (Kendall & Glick 1972, J. Res. Lepid. 10: 273-283 and references therein). Some reports have included pairs in copula (Heitzman 1969, J. Lepid. Soc. 23: 105-106; Chambers 1962, J. Lepid. Soc. 16: 200). However, activity directed toward artificial light may not indicate normal nocturnal activity. Some species collected at artificial light are those normally active at dusk or low light level habitats [Opsiphanes by Welling (1963, J. Lepid. Soc. 17: 37-38) and Melanitis by Donahue (1962, J. Lepid. Soc. 16: 131-135)]. Diurnal species collected at light traps may well include only specimens that have somehow become disturbed (Kendall & Glick, op. cit.).
On 29 October 1971 at the Brackenridge Field Laboratory of the University of Texas at Austin, I observed an adult male monarch, Danaus plexippus plexippus L., feeding at inflorescences of shrubby boneset, Eupatorium havanense H.B.K. (Compositae), at 2130 CDT. The time of observation was 2 hr 44 min after sunset. Moonlight was apparent but not bright (between first quarter and full), with a clear sky (0% cloud cover). The temperature at recording stations 50 and 125 m away was 21.1° C (70° F) with 84% RH. No artificial light was present at the site. The white coloration of the inflorescences is significant, since white blossoms are more visible at night than flowers of other colors. Flowers