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EVIDENCE OF BREEDING MIGRANT POPULATIONS OF LEPTOTES CASS1US (LYCAENIDAE) IN KANSAS
Three newly emergent specimens of Leptotes cassius Cramer were captured during a field study conducted on 15 June 1975 within the city limits of Lawrence, Kansas. The range of this species is normally southern Florida and southern Texas, and these records represent a rarity in northeastern Kansas (Lawrence is situated in Douglas Co., ca. 35 miles west of Kansas City).
All three specimens were female; two were released with the intention of propagating the species locally, and one was mounted in lamination for a permanent record. Other records of L. cassius occurring in Kansas are as follows: (1) 24 July 1935, Douglas Co., one specimen; (2) 4 July 1935, Scott Co., one specimen (Field 1938, Studies in Kansas Insects, p. 163-164).
The presence of three females might indicate a local breeding (migrant) population, although Dr. J. C. Downey (pers. comm.) suggests: (1) pupae of L. cassius may have been imported with Plumbago transplants from Florida and (2) the lack of northern populations even in northern Florida indicates that one must be cautious when concluding that an indigenous population exists in northeastern Kansas. A search of the capture area failed to yield any Plumbago, neither in adjacent lots nor in any greenhouse in Lawrence. However, Phaseolus is common throughout the neighborhood and is listed as an alternate larval food plant (Klots 1951, A Field Guide to the Butterflies, p. 157-158).
It is extremely unlikely that these three female specimens of L. cassius represent windblown migrants at such an early date in Kansas. Subsequent field collection data in this area are necessary and will be continued over the next two years to establish the probable migrant breeding residency of this butterfly.
Matthew M. Douglas, Department of Entomology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044.