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Volume 28, Number 4

315

LIST OF FOODPLANTS OF SOME EAST AFRICAN

RHOPALOCERA, WITH NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES

OF SOME LYCAENIDAE

V. G. L. VAN SOMEREN

Karen, Kenya

During the course of some fifty-odd years of intermittent field work in Uganda and Kenya, I have gleaned a small amount of knowledge regarding the foodplants of the butterflies of the two territories.

The list, in its present form, is compiled at the request of Dr. F. H. Rindge of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. It deals with some 300 species out of the 2000 known to occur in eastern Africa. I hope that the list, however incomplete, will be of some use to students of this fascinating branch of the study of Rhopalocera of East Africa.

The distribution of species is closely related to the known range of their foodplants. It will be noted that species which are common and widespread have a multiplicity of foodplants belonging to several botanical families, thus contributing to their chance of survival despite the rapid changes in environment now going on in these territories as a result of the increase in areas under cultivation and concurrent destruction of indigenous forests.

I am indebted to the following for help in determining the botanical material: the Director of the Kew Herbarium, through the good services of the late Professor Poulton of Oxford; to Dr. P. G. Greenway, at one time in charge of the Herbarium at the Amani Research Station, Tanzania, and later Botanist in charge of the East African Herbarium, Nairobi; and to Dr. B. Verdcourt, also of the East African Herbarium.

It is regretted that, in some instances, the material submitted was inadequate for specific identification, and is here listed with a query. In some instances, the name supplied originally is now considered to be a synonym, and the corrections have been made wherever possible.

For the majority of records, the butterfly was reared from egg to imago on the foodplant selected by the female parent.

PART 1. FOODPLANTS PAPILIONIDAE

Papilio dardanus Brown, eastern subspecies. Rutaceae: Teclea simplicifolia (Engl.) Verdorn (=viridis Verdorn); X. nobilis Delile; T. stuhlmanni Engler; T. villosa N. R. F. Tayler; Toddalia asiatica Lamarck; Vespris eugeniifolia (Engl.) Verdorn; citrus, various exotic.

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P. phorcas Cramer, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Teclea simplicifolia Verdorn; T. nohilis

Delile; T. villosa Tayler. P. mackinnoni E. Sharpe, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Teclea simplicifolia Verdorn;

T. nohilis Delile; T. tricarpa Engler. P. nohilis Rogenheimer, and subspecies. Canalaceae: Warhurgia ugandensis Sprague. P. lormerei Distant. Rutaceae: Clausena anisata (Wild) Oliver; Fagaropsis sp.;

Teclea spp. P. ophidicephalus Oberthur. Rutaceae: Clausena anisata (Wild) Oliver; C. in-

aequalis Bentham. P. constantinus Ward, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Clausena spp.; Teclea spp. P. hesperus Westwood. Lauraceae: Tylostemon ugandensis (Rendle) Staf. P. rex Oberthur, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Teclea tricocarpa Engler; T. stuhlmanni

Engler (?). P. demodacus Esperance. Rutaceae: Caledendron capensis Thunberg; Clausena

anisata Wild (Oliver); C. inaequalis Bentham; Fagaropsis angolensis Dale;

citrus, exotic; Toddalia asiatica Lamarck. Anacardiaceae: Pseudospondias micro-

carpa Engler. P. nireus Linnaeus, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Caledendron capensis Thunberg;

Toddalia asiatica Lamarck; Clausena spp.; citrus, various exotic. P. hromius Doubleday, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Caledendron capensis Thunberg;

Teclea spp. P. magda Gifford (=hrontes auct.). Rutaceae: Teclea spp. P. teita van Someren. Rutaceae: Vespris eugeniifolia Verdorn; Teclea spp. P. jacksoni E. Sharpe, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Clausena anisata (Wild) Oliver;

C. inaequalis Bentham. P. echerioides Trimen, and subspecies. Rutaceae: Clausena inaequalis Bentham;

Toddalia asiatica Lamarck. P. cynorta Fabricius. Rutaceae: Clausena spp.

P. ugandae Lathy. Anacardiaceae: Pseudospondias microcarpa Engler. P. leonidas Fabricius, and subspecies. Anonaceae: Uvaria leptocladen Oliver; Uvaria

sp.; Anona senegalensis Perseen. Apocynaceae: Landolphia ugandensis Staph.;

L. huchannani Engler. P. philonoe Ward. Anonaceae: Uvaria leptocladon Oliver; U. chamae Beauvais. P. pylades Fabricius, and subspecies. Apocynaceae: Landolphia huchannani Engler;

L. ugandensis Staph. Anonaceae: Anona senegalensis Perseen; Anona, exotic

cultivated. P. policenes Cramer. Anonaceae: Uvaria hukohensis Engler; U. chamae Beauvais.

Apocynaceae: Landolphia huchannani Engler; L. ugandensis Staph. P. antheus Cramer, and subspecies. Apocynaceae: Landolphia ugandensis Staph.

Anonaceae: Anona spp. P. sisenna Mabille. Anonaceae: Anona senegalensis Perseen. P. porthaon Hewitson. Anonaceae: Anona spp. P. colonna Ward. Anonaceae: Anona spp. P. kirhyi Hewitson. Anonaceae: Anona senegalensis Perseen.

PIERIDAE

Leptosia marginea Mabille, wigginsi Dixey, hyhrida somereni Bernardi, pseudonuptilla Bernardi, alcesta pseudoalcesta Bernardi, medusa immaculata Aurivillius. Cap-paridaceae: Capparis spp. (small scandent shrubs in forest; thorns recurved; leaves elongate or ovate).

Appias sylvia Fabricius, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Dry petes ugandensis Hutchinson; D. gerrardi Hutchinson (= hattiscomhei Hutchison).

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A. lasti Smith. Euphorbiaceae: Drypetes gerrardi Hutchison; Phyllanthus sp. indet.

A. sabina Felder, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Drypetes ugandensis Hutchinson;

D. gerrardi Hutchinson. Capparidaceae: Ritchia fragrans (Sims) G. Don. (?).

A.   epaphia Cramer, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Boscia salicifolia Oliver; Boscia

spp.

Pinacopteryx eriphia Godart, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Boscia spp.

Belenois zochalia Boisduval, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis tomentosa Lamarck; C. lilacinus Gilgood; C. albersi Gilgood; C. galeata Freis.; Maerua triphylla Richmond (= cylindricarpa Gilgood, pubescens Gilgood); M. hoenelli Schweinfurth. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria persica Linnaeus.

B.   margaritacea E. Sharpe. Capparidaceae: Maerua spp.

B. raffrayi Oberthur, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.

B. victoria Dixey, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis tomentosa Lamarck;

Maerua spp. B. calypso Druce, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Maerua spp.; Cadaba spp. B. subeida Felder, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. Anaphaeois gidica Godart. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria

persica Linnaeus. A. creone Cramer. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Boscia spp. A. aurota Fabricius. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Boscia spp. Dixeia pigea Boisduval, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. D. doxo Godart, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. D. spilleri Spiller. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.

Pieris (Belenois) solilucis Butler. Capparidaceae: Capparis tomentosa Lamarck. Pontia helice johnstoni Crowley. Resedaceae: Caijlusia abyssinicus (Fresnius) Fischer.

Cruciferaceae: Crucifera spp.; Epicastrum arabicum Fischer and Meyer. P. glauconome Klug. Crucif eraceae: Epicastrum arabicum Fischer and Meyer. Catopsilia florella Fabricius. Caesalpinaceae: Cassia spp. Papilionaceae: Sesbania

spp. Nepheronia thallasina Boisduval. Hippocrataceae: Hippocrates obtusifolia Lessner. N. argyia Fabricius. Rhizophoraceae: Cassipura ruwenzorensis Alsten. N. bouqueti Butler. Capparidaceae: Ritchea fragrans (Sims) G. Don.; R. albersi

Gilger. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria persica Linnaeus. Eronia leda Butler. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria persica Linnaeus. Capparidaceae:

Capparis tomentosa Linnaeus; C. caleagnous Gilger. Mylothris sagala Smith, and subspecies. Loranthaceae: Loranthus spp., including

fischeri, freisiorum, dredgei, usuinensis, etc. In the absence of Loranthus, Vis-

cum is utilized. All are parasitic. M. chloris Fabricius, and subspecies. Loranthaceae: most species of Loranthus.

Santalaceae: Osyris abyssinicus Hochsteter. M. ruppelli Karsch, and subspecies. Loranthaceae: Loranthus spp. M. poppea Cramer, and subspecies. Loranthaceae: Loranthus spp. M. ruandana Strand. Loranthaceae: Loranthus spp. M. bernice rubricosta Mabille. Polygonaceae: Polygonum barbatum var. fischeri

(z= setosulum A. Richard), a swamp plant. Colias electo Linnaeus. Caesalpinaceae: Cassia spp.; Sesbania spp. Oxalidaceae:

Oxalis spp. Terias hecabe Linnaeus, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Albizia gummifera Smith;

Albizia spp. T. brigitta Cramer, and subspecies. Caesalpinaceae: Cassia spp.; Sesbania spp. Colotis hetaera Gerstaecker, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. regina Trimen. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Boscia spp.

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C. tone Godart. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Boscia spp.

C. elgonensis E. Sharpe, and subspecies. Capparidaceae: Maerua spp.

C. eris Klug. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Ritchea spp.

C. evarne Klug. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Maerua spp.

C. incretius Butler. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria persica

Linnaeus. C. achine Cramer. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Ritchea spp. C. dflnag Fabricius. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. antigone Butler. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. antevippe Butler. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. evenina Wallengren. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. cflto amatus Fabricius. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. aurigineus Baker. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Boscia spp. C. U£sfa Reiche. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.

C. phisadia rothschildi E. Sharpe. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria persica Linnaeus. C. pallene rogersi Dixey. Capparidaceae: Capparis sp. indet. C. venosa Strand. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. halimede Klug. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. pleione Klug. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp. C. celimene Lucas. Capparidaceae: Capparis spp.; Boscia spp.

NYMPHALIDAE

Afa/as (—Euphaedra) neophron Hopffer, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Deinbollia

borbonica Scheffler; D. kilimanjarica Taubert. IV. Uganda Aurivillius, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Deinbollia fulvotomentella

Baker; Allophylus subcoriacius Baker. N. spatiosa Mabille. Sapindaceae: Philodiscus unijugatus Radikofer (= zambesiacus

Baker); Paullinia pinnata Linnaeus. N. medon Linnaeus. Sapindaceae: Philodiscus unijugatus Radikofer ( = zambesiacus

Baker); Deinbollia fulvotomentella Baker. N. eleus Drury, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Philodiscus unijugatus Radikofer. N. coprates Druce, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Philodiscus spp.; Allophyllus spp. Euryphene mardania Fabricius, and subspecies. Palmae: various palms, including

Phoenix reclinata Jacqlin; Hyphene thebaica Mart.; borassus palm; cultivated

cocoanut. Cymothoe caenis Drury, and subspecies. Flacourtiaceae: Rawsonia usambarensis

Schaumann; R. lucida Harvey and Sender. C. coranus Smith. Bignonaceae: Kigelia (aethiopica) africana Bentham; K. moosa

Sprague; Fernandoa magnifica Seemann. Salamis cacta Fabricius. Urticaceae: Utera hypselidendron Wedd; U. earneroonensis. S. temora Felder. Acanthaceae: Pauloivilhelmia sclerochiton Lindau; Mimulepsis

spatulata; Justicea spp. S. parhassus Drury. Acanthaceae: Asystasia schimperi T. Anderson. S. anacardii Linnaeus. Acanthaceae: Asystasia schimperi T. Anderson. Catacroptera cloanthe Cramer. Acanthaceae: Barlesia stuhlmanni (?). Precis octavia Cramer, and subspecies. Labiatae: Coleus barbatus Bentham; C. um-

brosus Vatke; Plectranthus defoliatus Hochsteter; Pycnostacys sp. P. westermanni Westwood. Acanthaceae: Asystasia schimperi T. Anderson. P. oenone Linnaeus (= clelia Cramer). Acanthaceae: Asystasia spp.; Barlesia stuhlmanni. P. hierta Fabricius (= cebrene Trimen). Acanthaceae: Barlesia stuhlmanni (?).

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P. chorimene Guerin. Acanthaceae: Asystasia schimperi T. Anderson; Justicia leike-piensis (?).

P. sophia Fabricius. Acanthaceae: Paulowilhelmia sclerochiton Lindau.

Pseudacraea lucretius Cramer, and subspecies. Sapotaceae: Chrysophylum viridifolium Wood (= welwichii); C. alhidum G. Don.; C. gorongosanum Engler.

P. boisduvalli Doubleday, and subspecies. Sapotaceae: Chrysophylum viridifolium Wood; Manilkara bagshawi Moore.

P. eurytus Linnaeus, and subspecies. Sapotaceae: Mimosops bagshawi Moore; M. kummel Hochstacher; Chrysophylum spp.

Hamanumida daedulus Fabricius. Combretaceae: Combretum spp.

Aterica galene Brown, and subspecies. Combretaceae: Quisqualia indica {-mlittorea (Engler) Exell.).

Charaxes jasius epijasius Reichelman. Celastraceae: Gymnosporia spp.; Elaeodendron spp.; Maytenus spp. Gramineae: sorghum spp.

C. jasius saturnus Baker. Celastraceae: Elaeodendron spp. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich; Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham; B. edulis Hutchison and Davy.

C. jasius harrisoni E. Sharpe. Caesalpinaceae: Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham.

C. hansali Felder, and subspecies. Salvadoraceae: Salvadoria persica Linnaeus.

C. castor Cramer, and subspecies. Celastraceae: Maytenus senegalensis Exall.; Elaeodendron spp.

C. ansorgei Rothschild, and subspecies. Melianthaceae: Bersama abyssinica Fre-senius; B. paullinoides Verdcourt.

C. phoebus Butler. Melianthaceae: Bersama abyssinicus Fresenius.

C. pollux Cramer, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Deinbollia kilimanjarica Taubert; D. burbonica Schaff. Melianthaceae: Bersama abyssinicus Fresenius. Euphor-biaceae: Fleugea microcarpa Blume.

C. druceanus Butler, and subspecies. Myrtaceae: Syzygium caudatus Krauss; S. guinense Willdenow; S. sp. undet.

C. brutus Cramer, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Fluggea microcarpa Blume. Melianthaceae: Bersama spp. Tiliaceae: Grewia spp. Meliaceae: Melia vol-kensii Gurke; M. azarach (exotic); Ekebergia capensis Sparmann.

C. lucretius Cramer, and subspecies. Anonaceae: Anona senegalensis Perseen.

C. violetta Smith, and subspecies. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich; Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham; B. edulis Hutchison and Davy. Sapindaceae: Deinbollia kilimanjarica Taubert.

C. pythodorus Hewitson, and subspecies. Papilionaceae: Crabia brownei Dunn; C. laurentii Willdenow; C. brevicaudata Dunn.

C. etesipe Godart, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis Linnaeus; Croton megalocarpa Hutchison; Phyllanthus meruensis Pax; P. guinensis Pax; Tragia benthamii Pax; (= cordifolia). Mimosaceae: Entada abyssinicus Richmond; E. gigas Fawcett and Randle; E. scandens (Linnaeus) Bentham. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich. Papilionaceae: Dalbergia microcarpa Taub and Baker.

C. penricei Rothschild. Mimosaceae: Entada spp.

C. achaemenes Felder. Caesalpinaceae: Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham; B. oliveri Fawcett and Randle; B. randii Baker; B. appendiculta Bentham.

C. guderiana Dufrane. Caesalpinaceae: Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham; B. edulis Hutchison and Davy. Papilionaceae: Balbergia melanoxylon Guillemin and Perrettet.

C. blanda kenya Poulton. Caesalpinaceae: Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham; B. edulis Hutchison and Davy.

C. jahlusa Trimen, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Acacia spp.

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C. baumanni Rogenhofer, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Acacia pennata Willdenow; A. seval Delil; Peterolobium stellatum Brenan (—lacerans R. Bruce).

C. anticlea Drury, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Acacia poetzi Hauman; A. pennata Willdenow.

C. pleione Godart, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Acacia pennata Willdenow; Acacia spp.

C. paphianus Westwood, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Acacia spp.

C. manica Trimen, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Albizia antuesiana Harmsworth. Papilionaceae: Dalbergia nyasae (?).

C. fulgurata Aurivillius. Caesalpinaceae: Erythrophleum africana Guillemin and Perettet.

C. aubyni Poulton, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Albizia gummifera C. A. Smith.

C. berkeleyi van Someren, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Albizia gummifera C. A. Smith. Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Burmann.

C. baileyi van Someren. Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Burmann.

C. candiope Godart. Euphorbiaceae: Croton megalocarpa Hutchison; C. macro-stachys Delil; C. dichogamus Pax; C. sylvaticum Krauss.

C. boueti Feisthamel, and subspecies. Gramineae: Arundinaria alpinus K. Schaumann; Oxytenanthera abyssinica Munro.

C. lasti Smith. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich; Paramacrolobium coeruleum (Taub) Leonard.

C. protoclea Feisthamel, and subspecies. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich. Myrtaceae: Syzygium guinensis Willdenow; S. caudatum Krauss.

C. lactetinctus Karsch, and subspecies. Myrtaceae: Syzygium cordatum Krauss.

C. eudoxus Drury, and subspecies. Araliaceae: Schefflera spp. Myrtaceae: Syzygium spp.

C. cynthia Butler, and subspecies. Guttiferae: Garcinia sp. (unconfirmed; Sevasto-pulo).

C. tiridates Cramer, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Phialodiscus unifugatus Baker. Linaceae: Hugonia platysepala Oliver (?); H. castaneifolia Engler. Ulmaceae: Celtis africana Burmeister; C. durandi Engler; Chaetacme arisata Planch (= microcarpa). Tiliaceae: Grewia mollis Jussieu; G. tricocarpa Hochsteter {•=. nyanzae Drummond). Bombacaceae: Bombax reflexum Sprague. Flacour-ticaea: Flacourtia indica Merrill. Malvaceae: Hibiscus sp. undet.

C. bipunctatus Rothschild. Sapindaceae: Phialodiscus unijugatus Baker.

C. numenes Hewitson, and subspecies. Linaceae: Hugonia platysepala Oliver. Tiliaceae: Grewia mollis Jussieu; G. forbesi Masters. Papilionaceae: Erythrina abyssinica Lamarck; E. excelsa Baker. Sapindaceae: Deinbollia fulvotomentella Baker.

C. bohemani Felder. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich.

C. xiphares Cramer, and subspecies. Laurinaceae: Cryptocarya spp.

C. nandina Rothschild. Euphorbiaceae: Drypetes gerrardi Hutchinson (=hattis-combei Hutchinson). Papilionaceae: Crabia brownei Dunn ( = ellioti Dunn).

C. cithaeron Felder, and subspecies. Sterculiaceae: Cola laurifolia Masters. Ulmaceae: Chaetacme cristata Planch (— microcarpa). Papilionaceae: Crabia brownei Dunn. Celastraceae (Hippocrataceae): Hippocrates obtusifolia. Caesalpinaceae: Afzelia cuanzensis Welwich.

C. etheocles Cramer, and subspecies. Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Burmann. Ulmaceae: Celtis durandi Engler.

C. viola Baker, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Albizia coriaria Oliver; A. adianthi-folia Schoumacher (= sassa, fastigiata)-7 Entada abyssinica Richmann; E. gigas Fawcet and Randle; Acacia mellifera Bentham.

C. cedreatis Hewitson. Mimosaceae: Albizia grandibracteata Taub; A. brownei Oliver; A. zygia Macbride; A. spp.

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C. ethalion Boisduval. Mimosaceae: Parkia filicoidea Oliver; Piptadenia buchannani

Baker; Tamarindus indicus (exotic). Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Burmann;

S. buxifolia. C. virilis Rothschild. Legumonosae: Adenanthera pavonina (?). C. alpinus van Soineren, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Alhizia gummifera Smith.

Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Burmann. C. zingha Stoll. Linaceae: Hugonia castaneifolia Engler; H. platysepala Oliver. C. eupale Druce, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Alhizia gummifera Bentham; A. zygia

Macbride. Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Burmeister. C. dilutus Rothschild, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Alhizia gummifera (Bentham)

Smith. C. suhornatus Schauman, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Alhizia brownei Oliver; A.

gummifera (Bentham) Smith. C. zoolina Westwood, and subspecies. Mimosaceae: Acacia pennata Wildenow;

Acacia spp. C. varanes Cramer, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Allophylus macrostachys Gilger;

A. suhcoriacius Baker; A. glaucescens. C. fulvescens Aurivillius, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Allophylus macrobothrys

Gilger. C. acuminatus Thurau, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Allophylus spp. Melanthaceae:

Bersama abyssinicus Fresenius. Palla ussheri Baker, and subspecies. Convolvulaceae: Bonamia poranoides Hallier

( = Metaporana densiflora Hallier). P. violinitens Crowley, and subspecies. Convolvulaceae: Bonamia poranoides Hallier

(= Metaporana densiflora Hallier). Verbenaceae: Clerodendron kentrocaule

Baker. Phalantha (= Atella) phalantha Drury. Samydaceae: Trimeria spp. Caelastraceae:

Gymnosporia spp. P. columbina Cramer. Flacourtiaceae: Scolopia spp.

Lachnoptera iole Fabricius. Flacourtiaceae: Rawsonia lucida Harvey and Sonder. L. ayersi Trimen. Flacourtiaceae: Rawsonia usambarensis Schaumann. Catuna crithea Drury. Melianthaceae: Bersama abyssinicus Fresenius. Pseudoneptis coenibita Drury. Moraceae: Antiaris toxicaria Leschenault. Eurytela dry ope Cramer, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis Linnaeus; Tragia benthami Pax (= cordifolia). E. hiabas Drury, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Tragia benthami Pax (= cordifolia);

Ricinus communis Linnaeus. Issoria excelsior Baker. Violaceae: Viola abyssinica. I. hanningtoni Elwes. Violaceae: Viola abyssinica. Neptis seclava Boisduval. Urticaceae: Australina accuminata Welwich; Acalypha

paniculata; Quisqualis sp. N. kariakofi Overlaet. Sapindaceae: Paullinia pinnata Linnaeus. Urticaceae: Pilea

engleri Randle; Acalypha paniculata. N. laeta Overlaet. Mimosaceae: Albizia zygia Macbride. N. nemetes Hewitson, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Alchornea cordifolia

Schaumacher. N. trigonophora Butler, and subspecies. Sapindaceae: Paullinia pinnata Linnaeus. N. rogersi Eltringham. Sapindaceae: Paullinia pinnata Linnaeus. N. strigata Aurivillius. Verbenaceae: Clerodendron capitatum Schaumacher. N. poultoni Eltringham. Verbenaceae: Clerodendron spp. Sapindaceae: Paullinia

sp., near pinnata Linnaeus. N. melicerta Drury. Euphorbiaceae: Alchornea cordifolia Schaumacher. N. nyssiades clarei Neave. Sapindaceae: Paullinia pinnata Linnaeus. N. lativittata Strand. Euphorbiaceae: Cycina sp. undet.

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Precis stygia Aurivillius, and subspecies. Acanthaceae: Paulowilhelmia sclerochiton

Lindau. P. tera elgiva Drury. Acanthaceae: Ruellia patulata Jacquin. P. natalica Felder. Acanthaceae: Ruellia patulata Jacquin; Asy stasia coromandeliana

(?)■

P. orithya madagascariensis Guerin. Labiatiae: Englerastrum scandens Alston; Plectranthus spp.

P. limnoria Klug. Acanthaceae: Asystasia spp.

P. tugela Trimen. Labiatiae: Englerastrum scandens Alston.

Vanessa cardui Linnaeus. Urticaceae: Urtica massaica Milbred; Obetia pennatifida Baker; Geriadina condensata Wedd; Laportia allipes Hooker. Compositae: Gnaphalium declinatum Lesson (=iunionis); Heliochrysum spp. Boraginaceae: Cyanoglossum caeruleum De Candolle; C. lanceolatum Forskel. Malvaceae: Malva verticaliata Linnaeus.

Antanartia abyssinica Felder. Urticaceae: Urtica massaica Milbred; Obetia pennatifida Baker.

A. hippomene Hubner, and subspecies. Urticaceae: Australina acuminata Weddenow; Pouzolzia parasiticus Schweinfurth.

A. delius Drury. Urticaceae: Australina acuminata Weddenow; Pouzolzia parasiticus Schweinfurth.

A. schoenia Trimen. Urticaceae: Pouzolzia parasiticus Schweinfurth.

Aterica galene Brown, and subspecies. Combretaceae: Quisqualis littorea (Engler) Exe. (Sevastopulo).

Hypolimnas missipus Linnaeus. Portulacaceae: Portulaca quadrifida Linnaeus; Talium sp.

H. anthedon Doubleday. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron Weddenow.

H. salmacis Drury. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron Weddenow.

H. monteironis Druce. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron Weddenow; Urera spp.

H. antevorta Distant. Urticaceae: Urera spp.

H. usambarae Westwood. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron Weddenow.

H. dubius De Bauvais, and subspecies. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron Weddenow.

Aster ope garega Karsch. Euphorbiaceae: Sapium mannicum Bentham.

A. boisduvalli Wallengren. Euphorbiaceae: Sapium mannicum Bentham.

A. occidentalium Moore. Euphorbiaceae: Macaranga schweinfurthi Pax.

A.   morantii Trimen. Euphorbiaceae: Macaranga kilimanjarica Pax; Excoecaria bussei

Pax.

ACRAEIDAE

Bematistes quadricolor Rogenhofer, and subspecies. Passif loraceae: Adenia cissam-peloides (Planch) Harms; Vitis spp.

B.   anganice Hewitson, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Tryphostemma zanzibaricum

Masters; Adenia cissampeloides (Planch) Harms.

B. poggei Doubleday, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Adenia spp.

B. tellus Aurivillius, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Adenia spp.

Acraea johnstoni Godman, and subspecies. Urticaceae: Poulzolzia parasitica (Forsk) Schweinfurth; cultivated New Zealand hemp (exotic).

A. lycoa Godart, and subspecies. Urticaceae: Poulzolzia parasitica (Forsk) Schweinfurth.

A. esebria Hewitson, and subspecies. Urticaceae: Poulzolzia parasitica (Forsk) Schweinfurth.

A. rabbai mombasa Smith. Passifloraceae: Tryphostemma zanzibaricum Masters.

A. zetes Linnaeus, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Tryphostemma zanzibaricum Masters; Adenia cissampeloides Harms; Adenia lobata (?).

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A. asboloplintha Karsch, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Tryphostemma zanzibaricum

Masters; Adenia lobata. A. natalica Boisduval, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Adenia cissampeloides Harms;

Adenia lobata (?). A. insignis Distant. Passifloraceae: Vitis spp.

A. quirinalis Smith. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron (Hochst) Weddenow. A. disjuncta Smith. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron (Hochst) Weddenow. A. amacitiae Heron, and subspecies. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron (Hochst)

Weddenow. A. alcippoides Le Doux. Urticaceae: Urera hypselidendron (Hochst) Weddenow. A. neobule Doubleday. Passifloraceae: Tryphostemma zanzibaricum Masters. A. pharsalus Ward, and subspecies. Moraceae: Ficus exasperata Vahl; F. sycomorus

Linnaeus. A. quirina Fabricius, and subspecies. Violaceae: Rinorea poggei Engler; R. conval-

lariflora Brandt. A. cerasa Hewitson. Flacourtiaceae: Rawsonia lucida Harvey and Sond; R. usam-

barensis K. Schauman. Violaceae: Rinorea convallarifolia Brandt. A. uvui Smith, and subspecies. Tiliaceae: Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacquin; T.

macrophylla Schaumann; Sparrmannia ricinocarpa O. Kuntz. A. bonasia Fabricius, and subspecies. Tiliaceae: Triumfetta macrophylla Schaumann;

T. ruwenzorensis Sprague. A. acerata Hewitson. Convolvulaceae: Ipomea batatas Linnaeus. A. rangatana Eltringham, and subspecies. Lythraceae: Nesaea pediculata; Rotola sp.

undet. Rosaceae: Alchemilla gracilipes Engler. A. eponina Cramer, and subspecies. Tiliaceae: Triumfetta macrophylla Schaumann;

T. rhomboides Jacquin. A. rahira Boisduval, and subspecies. Compositae: Eregeron canadense Linnaeus. A. aequatorialis Neave, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Passiflora sp. undet. Malvaceae: Malva verticillata Linnaeus. A. caecilia Fabricius, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Adenia cissampeloides (Planch)

Harms. A. acrita Hewitson, and subspecies. Passifloraceae: Adenia spp. A. doubledayi Guerin. Passifloraceae: Adenia spp. A. sykesi Sharpe. Passifloraceae: Adenia spp.

A. calderina Hewitson. Passifloraceae: Adenia cissampeloides (Planch) Harms. A. excelsior Sharpe, and subspecies. Tiliaceae: Triumfetta macrophylla Schaumann. A. anacreon Trimen. Rosaceae: Alchemilla gracilipes Engler. A. cabira Hopffer. Tiliaceae: Triumfetta spp.

A. oncaea Hopffer. Ampelidaceae: Vitis spp. Passifloraceae: Adenia spp. Flacourtiaceae: Oncoba routledgei Sprague. Pardopsis punctatissima Boisduval. Tiliaceae: Sp. indet. (Luganda name, "subi").

DANAIDAE

Danaus chrysippus Linnaeus. Asclepidaceae: Gomphocarpus fructicosus Linnaeus (=r phillipsae); G. physocarpa Meyer; G. semilunata Richard; G. kaesneri Brown; G. stenophyllus Oliver (= leucocarpa); Stathmostelma gigantiflorum Schaumann; S. pedunculatum Decnesni ( = macrantha); Aspidoglossum interruptum Bullock (= Schizoglossum massaicum); Kanahia lasiflora Forsk; K. glaberrima; Cynan-chum altoscadens Schaumann; C. abyssinicum Dacnesni; Pergularia extensa (?); Periploca linarifolia (?); Secamone platystigma (= africana Oliver); Carahma spp.

Melinda formosa mercedonia Karsch. Asclepidaceae: Periploca linearifolia (?); Secamone platystigma (= africana (Oliver) Bullock); S. micranda (?); S.

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punctulata Decnesni; S. zambesiaca ( = parvifolia (Oliver) Bullock); Crypto-

lepsis spp. Tirumala petiverana Doubleday and Hewitson. Asclepidaceae: Pergularia extensa

(r= Daemia extensa). Amauris ansorgei Sharpe, and subspecies. Asclepidaceae: Tylophora stolzii (?); T.

anomala N. E. Brown; Mardenia racemosa (= latifolia Schaumann); Cynanchum

spp. A. albimaculata Baker. Asclepidaceae: Tylophora anomala N. E. Brown; T. stolzii

(?); Mardenia racemosa (= latifolia Schaumann); M. angolensis N. E. Brown;

Cynanchum spp. A. lobengula septentrionalis Poulton. Asclepidaceae: Tylophora stolzii (?); Mardenia

racemosa (= latifolia Schaumann); M. angolensis N. E. Brown; Gymnema syl-

vestre (Retz) Bullock. A. echeria Stoll, and subspecies. Asclepidaceae: Tylophora stolzii (?); mardenia

racemosa (=. latifolia Schaumann); Secamone africana (Oliver) Bullock; S.

parvifolia (Oliver) Bullock. A. niavius Linnaeus, and subspecies. Asclepidaceae: Gymnema sylvestre (Retz)

Bullock.

A.   ochlea Boisduval, and subspecies. Asclepidaceae: Tylophora stolzii (?); Cynan-

chum abyssinica Decnesi.

SATYRIDAE

Melanitis leda Drury. Gramineae: Setaria culcata.

Gnophodes grogani Sharpe. Gramineae: broad-blade forest grasses.

G. chelys Fabricius. Gramineae: broad-blade forest grasses.

G. parmeno Doubleday. Gramineae: forest grasses.

Bicyclus (= Mycalesis) safitza Hewitson, and subspecies. Gramineae: grasses.

B.   iccius Hewitson. Gramineae: grasses. Neocynyra spp. Gramineae: grasses. Henotesia spp. Gramineae: grasses. Physenura spp. Gramineae: grasses. Ypthima spp. Gramineae: grasses.

Aphysoneura pigmentaria Karsch, and subspecies. Gramineae: Arundinaria alpinus Schuman.

HESPERIIDAE

Coeliades libeon Druce. Euphorbiaceae: Drypetes gerrardi Hutchison (=battis-combei Hutchison).

C.  forestans Cramer. Papilionaceae: Indigofora spp.; Sesbania spp.; Crotolaria spp.

Asclepidaceae: Mardenia senegalensis (?); M. schimperi (Dacnesi) Bullock

(z= Dregea schimperi). Combretaceae: Combretum panniculatum Ventenat. C. pipistratus Fabricius. Malpigiaceae: Acridocarpus zanzibaricum Jussien; A. longi-

folium (= alopcurus Sprague). C. keithloa Wallengren, and subspecies. Malpigiaceae: Acridocarpus zanzibaricum

Jussien; A. glaucescens Engler. Connaraceae: Bryocarpus orientalis (Baill) Baker. C. sejuncta Mabille. Malpigiaceae: Acridocarpus zanzibaricum Jussien. C. kenya Evans. Malpigiaceae: Acridocarpus spp.

C. anchises Gerstecker. Asclepidaceae: Mardenia angolensis N. E. Brown. C. chalybe Westwood. Asclepidaceae: sp. indet. C. hanno Plotz. Malpigiaceae: Acridocarpus sp. indet. Artitropa erinnys Trimen, and subspecies. Agavaceae: Dracaena reflexa Baker; D.

fragrans Gawl.; D. afromontana Milbred; D. nitens Baker. A. comus Cramer, and subspecies. Agavaceae: Dracaena ugandae (?); D. manni (?).

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A. milled Riley, and subspecies. Agavaceae: Dracaena usambarensis Engler.

Gamia bucholzii Plotz. Palmae: Raphia mombutorum (?); R. farinifera Hyland; Borasus aethiopum Martin; Phoenix reclinata Jacquin.

G. shelleyi Sharpe. Palmae: Raphia spp.; Borassus spp.; Phoenix spp.

Zophotes cerymica Hewitson. Palmae: Raphia spp.; Cocoa nucifer.

Z. dysmephila Trimen. Palmae: Raphia spp.; Borassus spp.; Phoenix spp.

Zenonia zeno Trimen. Gramineae: cultivated maize and sorghums; grasses.

Pelopidas thrax Hubner. Gramineae: grasses.

P. fallax Gaede. Gramineae: grasses.

Lepella lepeletier Latreille. Gramineae: grasses.

Androdromus philander Hopffer. Sapindaceae: Philodiscus zambesiacus Radlk.

A. neander Plotz. Caesalpinaceae: Brachystygia randii (?); B. spiciformis Bentham.

Eretis djaelaelae Wallengren, and subspecies. Acanthaceae: Asystasia schimperi Anderson.

E. lugens Rogenhofer. Acanthaceae: Asystasia schimperi Anderson; A. coromandeliana (?); Justicia leikepiensis (?).

Eagris notoana Wallengren. Rhamnaceae: Scutia myrtina Kurz.

E. subadius Gray, and subspecies. Tiliaceae: Grewia similia Schultz; G. forbesi Masters.

E. leucetia Hewitson. Anacardiaceae: Rhus vulgaris Meikle; R. villosa Oliver.

Gomalia elma Trimen. Malvaceae: Abutilon guinense (Schumach) Baker; A. holstii.

Gorgyra bibulus Riley, and subspecies. Euphorbiaceae: Drypetes gerrardi Hutchison.

Spialia spio Linnaeus. Malvaceae: Sida schimperiana Hochsteter; S. cordifolia Linnaeus; S. grewioides (?); S. cuneifolia Roxburgh; Hibiscus gossyphina (?).

S. dromus Plotz. Sterculiaceae: Waltheria americana (?); Malhamia spp.

S. mafa Trimen. Malvaceae: Sida cuneifolia Roxburgh; S. grewioides (?); S. rhom-bifolia Linnaeus; Hibiscus macrantha (?).

S. zebra bifida Higgins. Sterculiaceae: Melhamia ovata Spreng; M. velutina Forskel.

S. kituina Karsch. Malvaceae: Sida spp.

S. confusa Higgins. Sterculiaceae: Melhamia spp.

S. diomus Hopffer. Tiliaceae: Triumfetta macrophylla Schuman.

Kedestes brunneistriga Plotz. Gramineae: Setaria spp.

Acleros mackenii Trimen. Sapindaceae: Rhus coriacius. Malpigiaceae: Acridocarpus longifolius (?).

Abantis paradisea Butler. Malvaceae: Hibiscus spp.

A. meru Evans. Compositae: Vernonia jugalis Oliver and Hierman.

Caprona canopus Trimen. Tiliaceae: Grewia similis K. Schaumann.

Gegenes hottentota Latreille. Gramineae: grasses.

G. letterstedti Wallengren. Gramineae: grasses.

PART 2. HOSTS AND NOTES ON EARLY STAGES, LYCAENIDAE

The following notes on the Lycaenidae are compiled from observations made jointly by the late T. H. E. Jackson and myself; unfortunately, they are very incomplete.

LIPTENINAE

Teriomima subpunctata Kirby, micra Smith. Lays eggs on lichens on bark of trees. Baliochila hildegarda Kirby, dubiosa Stempffer and Bennet, fragilis Stempffer and

Bennet, minima Bowker Smith, stygia Talbot. Eggs laid among lichens on tree

trunks. Cnodontes vansomereni Stempffer and Bennet. Eggs laid on tree trunks among

lichens.

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Telipna sanguinea Plotz, consanguinea Rebel. Eggs laid on tree trunks among lichens. Pentila amenida Hewitson, tachyroides Dewitz, nyasana clarensis Neave. Seen resting

on twigs and tall grass but egg laying not observed. Ornipholodotos muhata Dewitz. Noted laying among lichen on twigs; larvae feed

on lichens. Mimacraea poultoni Neave, marshalli dohertyi Rothschild, and subspecies. Often

noted resting on tree trunks, head downward. Eggs laid among lichens, on

which larvae feed. Hewitsonia kirbyi intermedia Joicey and Talbot. Lays eggs among small lichens on

tree trunks, often close to ground. Epitola kamengoensis Jackson, cercene Hewitson, catuna carpenteri Baker. Seen laying on twigs and tree trunks among lichens; eggs sometimes laid on dead bare

twigs. Ants in attendance. Iridana incredibilis Staudinger, perdita marina Talbot. Seen laying on lichen-covered

branches. Larvae lie up in cracks in bark within a silken protective web. Deloneura (Ebepius) ochrascens littoralis Talbot. Lays on tree trunks with small

lichens; also seen laying eggs on slender bare twigs. Larvae usually in cracks

in bark. Ants in attendance. Alaena caissa kagera Talbot, Johanna Sharpe, ngonga Jackson, subrubra Baker. Often

seen resting on rock faces covered with lichens, but not actually seen laying;

frequently noted resting on flowering heads of oat grass in vicinity of rock faces.

Pupa found in crevices of rocks. Spalgis lemolea Druce. Lays eggs on branches of small trees which are infested

with coccids and scales. Larva feed on young coccids, and have been tried as a

natural control of "mealey-bugs."

LYCAENINAE

Lachnopnema bibulus Fabricius. Lays eggs on branches of small trees on which there are colonies of membracids and jassids. Larvae feed on the secretions of these, and also on immature membracids. Crematogaster ants also present but association not clear. Pupae found in ants' nests.

Aslauga purpurascens Holland, lambomi Baker. Eggs laid on twigs of a leafy branch where there is a collection of membracids. Larvae appear to prey on young membracids and coccids, lie up under portions of raised bark.

Virachola (= Deudorix) dinochares Smith. Eggs laid on fruits of Syzygium cardatum Krauss (Myrtaceae). Larvae found within fruits, feeding on kernels; pupate within shell of fruit.

V. antalus Hopffer. Eggs laid on seed pods of Leguminosae, such as wild and cultivated peas and beans. The larvae feed on seeds within pods; have also been noted in seed pods of Acacia stenocarpa Hoschst. (Mimosaceae) and Dolichos lablab Linnaeus (Papilionaceae). Pupation occurs within empty pod or in cracks in bark in the case of Acacia.

V. lorisona Hewitson, coffea Jackson. Eggs laid on fruits of Rubiaceae, including cultivated coffee. Larvae bore into berries and eat seed sections within. Pupation occurs within empty shell.

V. vansomereni Stempffer. Eggs laid on, and larvae feed within, kernels of Agalana obliqua Scheilenb. (= heterophylla Gilman) (Connoraceae).

V. dariaves Hewitson. Eggs laid on, and larvae feed within, seed pods of Brachy-stygia spp. (Caesalpinaceae).

V. suk Stempffer. Lays eggs in or around galls of Acacia spp. (Mimosaceae) occupied by Phidole ants.

V. dohertyi Baker. Similar in habits to suk. Larvae often pupate within galls.

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V. jacksoni Talbot. Although usually placed in the genus Virachola, this species lays eggs on leaves of Loranthus usuiensis (Loranthaceae), on which larvae feed.

Aphnaeus (Paraphnaeus) hutchisoni Trimen, and subspecies. Eggs laid on leaves of hostplant, but larvae always found within galls or swellings at point of implantation of parasitic Loranthus. These galls are found on Acacia stenocarpa Hochst., and Entada abyssinicus Stend. (Mimosaceae). Larvae appear to feed on woody substance of swellings and are associated with ants; but tunnels used by larvae, and in which they pupate, free of ants.

A. orcas Drury, and subspecies. Eggs laid on leaves of Alchornea cordifolia Schau-mann and Thonning (Euphorbiaceae). Larva moves to edge of leaf where it feeds, curling edge over and attaching it with silken threads; rests within this tunnel, emerging to feed; tunnel enlarged as feeding progresses, and larva pupates within it.

A. propinquus Holland. Similar in habits to previous species, feeding on same food-plant, Alchornea cordifolia Schaumann and Thonning (Euphorbiaceae).

Spindasis nyassae Butler. Eggs laid on leaves of Acacia stenocarpa Hochst. and Entada abyssinica Steude (Mimosaceae). Larvae lie up in cracks in bark, emerging to feed on foliage, mainly at night; are ant attended.

S. banyoana Baker. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia drepanolobium Sjostedt (Mimosaceae). Larvae collected by the ant Phidole and taken into galls, where they appear to feed on inner lining of gall and on secretions of ants; pupate within gall.

S. tavetensis Lathy. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia drepanolobium Sjostedt (Mimosaceae). Larvae subsequently located on or within galls, attended by Phidole ants.

S. victoriae Butler. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia sp. indet. (Mimosaceae). Larvae are subsequently located within massed dead leaves held together with silken threads; pupate within this mass.

S. homeyeri fracta Stempffer. Similar in habits to above species.

S. appeles nairobiensis Sharpe. Seen laying on leaves of Rhus villosa Oliver (r= vulgaris Meikle) (Anacardiaceae), but larvae and pupae were not located.

Chloroselas pseudozeritis tytleri Riley. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia stenocarpa Hochst. (Mimosaceae). Young larvae detected in massed leaflets and twigs, but later found in cracks in bark, where they subsequently pupate. Cre-matogaster ants in attendance.

Axiocerses amanga Westwood, and subspecies. Eggs laid on leaves of Ximenia americanum Linnaeus (Oleaceae). Larvae feed on leaves toward the edge, bringing edge of leaf over to form a tunnel, held down by silken threads; emerge to feed on adjacent leaves at night, returning to tunnel by day. Pupate within these "hides." Attended by ants of the genus Componotus.

A. harpax perion Cramer. Eggs laid on leaflets of Acacia drepanolobium Sjostedt (Mimosaceae). Larvae and pupae found within galls, attended by Phidole ants.

A. (harpax) tjoene Wallengren. Seen laying on leaflets of Brachystygia spiciformis Bentham (Caesalpinaceae), but larvae not located.

Leptomyrina lara Linnaeus. Eggs laid on leaves and stems of Kalanchoe lugardi Bullock (Crassulaceae). Larvae eat into leaves, feeding on soft body between upper and lower cortex; emerge to pupate on main stem of plant or at base of leaf stalk.

Myrina silenus Fabricius. Eggs laid on young shoots of various figs (Ficus ingens Miquel, F. hochstetteri Reichmann; Moraceae). Larvae move onto more mature leaves, and pupate on stem at base of a leaf. Highly cryptic.

M. silenus ficedula Trimen. Eggs laid on various figs, including those listed above. After feeding on mature leaves, larvae pupate on stem, being attached by the flattened "tail end," thus simulating a small fig fruit.

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M. dermaptera dermaptera Wallengren, d. nyasae Talbot. Lays on various species of Moraceae, showing a preference for Ficus thonningii Blume. Habits as with other Myrina.

M. sharpei Baker. Noted laying on Ficus capensis Thunberg (Moraceae), but mature larvae not found.

Hypolycaena phillipus Fabricius. Eggs laid on shoots of Ximena americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae). Larvae found on or in seed capsules, for which they forage. Clerodendron capense Thunberg (Verbenaceae) is also utilized. Once seen laying on Loranthus dredgei (Loranthaceae).

H. pachelica Butler. Noted laying on Combretum constrictum Lawson (Combreta-ceae), but other stages not found.

Stugeta (lolaus) bowkeri Trimen, and subspecies. Eggs laid on Ximena americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae) and Loranthus dredgei (Loranthaceae). Larvae on Loranthus feed on leaves, and pupate on stem.

S. marmorea olalae Stoneham. Eggs laid on, and larvae feed on, leaves of Ximena americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae), but all stages not located.

S. carpenteri Stempffer. Noted laying on leaves and flowers of Loranthus fischeri Engler (Loranthaceae). Imagoes can be beaten out of Loranthus clumps, but larvae and pupae not located.

S. mimetica Aurivillius. Eggs laid on Loranthus sp. indet.

Argiolaus (lolaus) crawshayi Butler, and subspecies. Eggs laid on younger leaves of parasitic Loranthus usuiensis Oliver and L. dredgei (Loranthaceae). Larvae feed on leaves and flowers, pupating on stem towards base of a leaf and attached by posterior end to a silken pad spun on surface. Pupa very cryptic.

A. silas silarus Druce. Similar in habits to previous species and associated with same species of Loranthus.

Philiolaus parasilanus Rebel, and subspecies. Associated with parasitic Loranthus sp. indet. (Loranthaceae).

Iolaphilus ituriensis Joicey and Talbot. Lays on Loranthus sp. indet. (Loranthaceae).

Epamera (lolaus) basana yalae Riley. Noted laying eggs on leaves and flowers of Loranthus woodfordoides Schweinfurth and L. fischeri (Engler) Balle (Loranthaceae). Larvae feed largely on flowers, but eat leaves also. Pupate on stems of parasite or on nearby host tree.

E. iasis albomaculatus Sharpe. Seen laying on Loranthus sp. indet.

E. arborifera Butler. Lays on Loranthus freisiorum and L. woodfordoides Schweinfurth (Loranthaceae).

E. tajorica Walker. Eggs laid on Loranthus (Odontella) fischeri (Engler) Balle (Loranthaceae).

E. mimosae haemus Talbot. Eggs laid on Loranthus fischeri (Engler) Balle and L. recurviflora (Loranthaceae).

lolaus (Pseudiolaus) poultoni Riley. Seen laying on leaves and flowers of Loranthus recurviflora, on which larvae feed.

lolaus (Aphniolaus) pallene Wallengren. Eggs laid on Loranthus fischeri (Engler) Balle and L. woodfordoides Schweinfurth (Loranthaceae), as well as Ximena americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae).

Anthene hodsoni hodsoni Talbot, h. usamba Talbot. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia drepanolobium Sjostedt (Mimosaceae). Young larvae found in galls, probably taken there by attending Phidole ants.

A. amarah Guerin. Eggs laid on Acacia sieberiana De Candolle (= purpurascens Vatke), as well as A. abyssinica Hochsteter and A. stenocarpa Hochsteter (Mimosaceae). Larvae pupate on the stems or leaves; pupa very cryptic. Larvae attended by Crematogaster ants.

A. definita Butler. Common widespread species noted laying eggs on several food-plants of different families, including Acacia sayal Delil, A. stenocarpa Hoch-

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steter, A. abyssinica Hochsteter, Albizia spp. (Mimosaceae); Bersama engleriana Gurke, B. abyssinica Fresenius (Melanthaceae); Kalanchoe lugardii Bullock (Crassulaceae); and Rhus incana Millerm (Anacardiaceae).

A. larydas Cramer. Eggs laid on, and larvae feed on, leaves of Albizia gummifera C. A. Smith, A. zygia Macbride, Acacia farnesiana Wild., and Dichrostachys glomerata Hutchison (Mimosaceae).

A. princeps Baker, ugandae Butler. Eggs laid on, and larvae feed on, leaves of Entada abyssinicus Richard (Mimosaceae). Pupae found on leaves and stems.

A. livida Trimen. Eggs laid on succulent leaves and flowers of Kalanchoe crenata Hewitson and K. lateralis (Crassulaceae). Larvae feed on flowers by preference, but also on young seeds and leaves; pupate on leaves or stems.

A. lunulata Baker. Eggs laid on, and larvae feed on, young shoots of Entada abyssinica Richard (Mimosaceae). Also noted laying on Combretum spp. (Com-bretaceae).

A. indefinita Baker. Eggs laid on young shoots of Erythrococca rigidifolia Pax ( = bongensis Pax). Larvae move to more mature leaves and eventually pupate on a leaf or under cluster of dead flowers.

A. crawshayi Butler. Foodplant is Entada abyssinica Richard. Eggs laid on tender leaves, on which larvae commence to feed, later moving to more mature leaves. Pupate on leaves or stems on bark. Adults also lay on Acacia abyssinica Hochsteter (also Mimosaceae).

A. nigeriae Aurivillius. Lays on young leaf shoots of Acacia stenocarpa Hochsteter (Mimosaceae). Larvae attended by Crematogaster ants.

A. pitmani Stempffer. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia stenocarpa Hochsteter, as well as on A. abyssinica Hochsteter and occasionally on young plants of A. lahai Stendel (Mimosaceae). Newly hatched larvae feed on young foliage, then move onto more mature leaves. Crematogaster ants in attendance.

A. otacilla kikuyu Baker. Seen laying on young shoots of Acacia stenocarpa Hochsteter and A. lahai Stendel (Mimosaceae). As young larva grows, moves from young leaves to mature ones. Pupa found on stems or in cracks in bark. Attended by Crematogaster ants.

Uranothauma falkensteini Dewitz. Eggs laid on young leaf shoots of Albizia adi-anthifolia Schauman (= fatgiata and sassa auct.) and Acacia abyssinica Hochsteter (Mimosaceae). Larvae feed on young leaves, then move to mature ones, on which they may pupate, although usually on stem.

U. delatorum Heron. Lays on young leaves of Albizia gummifera Smith, but larvae soon move onto more mature leaves and may pupate either on old leaves or on main stem of branch.

U. nubifer Trimen. Prefers laying on Albizia gummifera Smith and A. coriaria Oliver, but may also lay on Acacia abyssinica Hochsteter (Mimosaceae).

Phylaria cyara Hewitson, and subspecies. Lays on tender leaf shoots of Albizia gummifera Smith (Mimosaceae). Larvae move onto mature leaves and either pupate on them or on main branch of leaf spray.

P. heritsia Hewitson. Eggs laid on young leaves of Bridlea macrantha Baillon (Eu-phorbiaceae), preferring the foliage of saplings.

Castalius calice Hopffer. Eggs laid on young leaf shoots of Zizyphus jujubae Linnaeus ( = mauritiana Lamarck) (Rhamnaceae).

C. margaritacea Sharpe, and subspecies. Seen laying on leaves of Gounia longispicata Engler. Pupates towards base of mature leaves.

C. cretosa Butler. Foodplant is Zizyphus jujubae Linnaeus (Rhamnaceae). Larvae first eat young leaves, then move to mature ones, eating cuticle only. Pupate on underside of old leaves or on leaf stalks.

C. hintza Trimen. Lays on younger leaves of Zizyphus jujubae Linnaeus (= mauri-

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taniana Lamarck) (Rhamnaceae). As larvae mature, move onto older leaves, but eat only outer cortex. Pupate on underside of old leaves.

Turacus meditteraneus Baker. Eggs laid on younger leaves of Zizyphus jufubae Linnaeus (■=. mauritaniana Lamarck) (Rhamnaceae). Larvae move from these to older leaves. Pupate among leaves or on stems.

T. ungemachi Stempffer, grammicus Smith. Both species have habits similar to previous ones. Also lay eggs on Zizyphus abyssinica A. Richard.

Azanus mirza Plotz. Noted laying on Allophylus alnifolius Radlikofer (Sapindaceae) and Dichrostachys glomerata Hutchison (Mimosaceae).

A. natalensis Trimen. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia abyssinica Hochsteter (Mimosaceae). Larvae ant-attended.

A. jeseus Guerin. Eggs laid on young shoots of Acacia stenocarpa Hochsteter and A. abyssinica Hochsteter (Mimosaceae). Larvae move to older foliage and pupate on stem of branch.

A. isis Drury. Foodplant is Dichrostachys glomerata Hutchison. Eggs laid on young leaf shoots on which young larvae feed, later moving to mature foliage; eventually pupating on stem of branch.

Syntarucus telicanus Lang. Wide range of foodplants, mostly Papilionaceae: Croto-laria agatifolia Schweinfurth; Sesbania aegyptiaca Person; S. sesban Linnaeus; Indigophora tinctoria; I. erecta Hochsteter; also wild and cultivated peas and beans. Also feeds on Plumbago spp. (Plumbagataceae). Eggs usually laid on or near flowers and younger shoots. Larvae burrow into seed pods to eat seeds; often pupate within pods.

Lampides baeticus Linnaeus. Lays on several species of Crotolaria (Papilionaceae); oviposition on or near flowers. Larva burrows into seed pod, where it destroys seeds. Often noted on cultivated peas.

Caclirius crawshayimus Aurivillius. Lays eggs on main stem of Cyanoglossum lanceo-latum and C. coeruleum, both wild and cultivated (Boraginaceae). Eggs deposited just above ground level. Larva eats outer cortex of root, then works up stem, where it pupates. Imago can only emerge when stem breaks on withering.

Cacyreus lingeus Cramer. Labiates seem the foodplants of preference; among the many are Coleus lactiflorus Vatk.; C. forskelli Wild.; Calamintha simensis Bentham; C. elgonensis Bullock (Labiatae). Eggs laid on flowers and young seed pods.

Euchrysops malathana Boisduval. Eggs laid in flowering heads of Vigna monophyla Taubert, and other species (Papilionaceae). Larvae eat flowers and young developing pods.

E. osiris Hopffer, dolorosa Trimen. Both are similar in habits to malathana, utilizing same foodplants, mainly Vigna monophyla Taubert.

Cupidopsis cissus Godart. Foodplant of preference seems to be Eriosema cordifolia Hochsteter (Papilionaceae). Eggs laid on flowering heads, and larvae burrow into pods, eating the seeds.

Eicochrysops mahalakoena Wallengren. Noted laying eggs on flowers of Acacia saval Delil (Mimosaceae).

Chiliades kedonga Smith. Noted laying eggs on young shoots and flowers of Acacia spp. (Mimosaceae).

Zizula hylas Fabricius, gaika Trimen. Both species lay eggs on flowers of Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus (Oxalidaceae). Larvae enter seed heads.

Actizera lucida Baker, stellata Trimen. These seen laying eggs on flower heads of Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus (Oxalidaceae) and Vigna spp. (Papilionaceae).

Lepidochrysops spp. Noted that many species of this genus lay eggs on small Labiatae in vicinity of "harvester" ants and allied species. Young larvae collected by ants and taken to nest where tended, feeding on fungi (?). Imagoes emerge from ants' nests after onset of the rains.

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Lycaena abbotti Holland, phlaeus aethiopica Poulton, pseudophlaeus Lucas. These three species lay eggs on species of Rumex, in particular nipalensis (= bequartii Wild.) and abyssinicus (Polygonaceae). Eggs laid on flowering heads and seeds, on which young larvae feed, before moving to leaves.

Alocides conradsi Aurivillius, ochrascens Joicey and Talbot. Females seen laying eggs in trails of ants. When larvae hatch, collected and taken by ants to nest. What they feed on not known.

Capys catharus Riley. Lays eggs on flowers of Protea. Larvae penetrate to base of flower head, and feed and pupate in this area.

BUTTERFLIES TAKEN IN LIGHT TRAPS

During 1973 three light traps were operated at Edgard, St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana. During this period 607 butterflies, representing 28 species, were taken in the traps. The distribution of individuals by species in order of abundance was as follows:

* Subsequent to the compilation of these data, Mr. Harry K. Clench called to the attention of Bryant Mather the possibility that some material from this region, previously determined as C. cecrops (Fabricius) might be properly assignable to C. isobeon (Butler & Druce).

Data on occurrence and distribution of butterflies in Louisiana have been compiled by Lambremont (1954, Tulane Stud. Zool. 1: 125-164), Ross & Lambremont (1963, J. Lepid. Soc. 17: 148-158), Lambremont & Ross (1965, J. Lepid. Soc. 19: 47-52), Mather (1966, J. Lepid. Soc. 20: 102), and Strickland (in prep.). From a review of these data it appears that all of these species, except P. coenia, have not heretofore been recorded from St. John the Baptist Parish. Two were not known to occur in Louisiana at the time of Lambremont's 1954 work or Ross & Lambremont's of 1963, but were added to the Louisiana list in 1965 by Lambremont & Ross. These are S. calanus falacer (Godart) (reported as C. c. calanus (Hiibner)) and Panthiades m-album (B & L) from East Baton Rouge and West Feliciana Parishes only, respectively.

Vernon A. Brou, Jr., 6026 Vermillion Blvd., New Orleans, Louisiana 70122.