The text below is grayed out because it is not intended to be read. It is a necessarily imperfect OCR of the original and is only used by a search engine.
|
|
|||
|
104
|
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
|
||
|
|
|||
|
----------. and L. K. Gaston. 1964. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. III. Inhibition of male responses to the sex pheromone in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57: 775-779.
---------. and L. K. Gaston. 1965. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. V. Circadian
rhythm of pheromone-responsiveness in males of Autographa californica, Heliothis virescens, Spodoptera exigua, and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58: 597-600.
----------. and L. K. Gaston. 1970. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XX. Short-range visual orientation by pheromone-stimulated males of Trichoplusia ni. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63: 829-832.
----------, S. U. McFarland and L. K. Gaston. 1968. Sex pheromones of noctuid
moths. XIII. Changes in pheromone quantity, as related to reproductive age and mating history, in females of seven species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61: 372-376.
----------, K. L. Morin and L. K. Gaston. 1968. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths.
XV. Timing of development of pheromone-responsiveness and other indicators of reproductive age in males of eight species. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61: 857-861.
Sower, L. L., H. H. Shorey and L. K. Gaston. 1970. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XXI. Light-dark cycle regulation and light inhibition of sex pheromone release by females of Trichoplusia ni. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63: 1090-1092.
----------. 1971. Sex pheromones of noctuid moths. XXV. Effects of temperature
and photoperiod on circadian rhythms of sex pheromone release by females of Trichoplusia ni. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 64: 488-492.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
OBSERVED MATING BETWEEN PIERIS RAPAE AND PIERIS PROTODICE
(PIERIDAE)
Late in the afternoon of 5 luly 1971, I explored a weed-infested lemon and avocado orchard in Goleta Valley (Santa Barbara County, California), looking for Nathalis iole (Boisduval). N. iole had once been locally common in lemon groves in rural areas around Santa Barbara, but apparently had not colonized this orchard. The only butterflies sighted that afternoon were Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus), Vanessa carye (Hubner), Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) and Pieris protodice (Boisduval & LeConte). The latter two species were flying around the wild mustard in great abundance, fluttering close to the ground, and often landing—obviously getting ready to settle down for the night.
At approximately 1700 I noticed a copulating pair of Pieris land a few feet in front of me. Upon closer observation, I noticed that they were two different species, a male P. rapae and a female P. protodice. The female protodice was the flying partner. They were netted, pinched and carefully placed in an envelope. Still in copulation, I later mounted them on a piece of cardboard and placed them in my collection.
When two close species are found together in abundance, such interspecific matings are possibly not as rare as one might suspect. I have previously observed mating between these two species in the Santa Barbara area. About a decade ago, in a field across from Arroyo Burro Beach State Park, I noted a pair in copulation. Considering that these species are very common throughout the United States, and are usually ignored by local lepidopterists, many such matings could go unnoticed.
Richard C. Priestaf, 5631 Cielo Avenue, Goleta, California 93017.
|
|||
|
|
|||