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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
at least in cases of differential staining, are easily taken once exposure time has been optimized. Film cost is a little over 500 per color picture.
Literature Cited
Allen, R. M. 1941. Photomicrography. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York City. Anonymous. Circa 1958. American Optical Co. Reports on Teaching with the
Microscope. American Optical Co., Instrument Division, Buffalo, New York. Kolyer, J. M. 1965. An inexpensive apparatus for photographing mounted specimens.
J. Lepid. Soc. 19(4): 212-214. Loveland, R. P. 1943. Simplified photomicrography with a hand camera. Science
97(2505): 24-26. Shillaber, C. P. 1944. Photomicrography in Theory and Practice. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., New York City.
NOTES ON THE GENUS CEPHISE EVANS, WITH A NEW RECORD FOR MEXICO (HESPERIIDAE)
H. A. Freeman
1605 Lewis Drive, Garland, Texas
When W. H. Evans (1952, p. 153) described the genus Cephise, he made the statement that the actual systematic position of the genus was doubtful. "The elongated wings and the conspicuous tornal lobe H indicate affinity with Chrysoplectrum in the Urbanus group, while the broad costa points to Achalarus. But the genitalia are not of the Urbanus type: the very broad-ended uncus with a snow-white dorsal tuft is peculiar. The proximity of veins 7 and 8 F rather than veins 6 and 7 point to the Celaenorrhinas group near Nascus and there is a similar sexual difference, F spots yellow in male, white in female, though not differing in size or disposition. The position in repose is unknown. $ upf with an unusually long costal fold, reaching to beyond the discal spots. Clasp with a slender style."
Evans also stated that there was but a single species, cephise (Herrich-Schaeffer) 1869, represented by two subspecies. In the nominate subspecies the cuiller of clasp is long, narrow and straight. The spot in space lb in both sexes is against the outer edge of the spot in space 2. The subspecies is recorded from Honduras, Panama, Fr. Guiana, Surinam, Upper Amazons (St. Paulo d'Olivenca), Para, Ecuador and Peru. The other subspecies is hydarnes (Mabille) 1876, which has the cuiller of clasp broad and irregular. The females have the spot in space lb on the upper surface of the primaries with the upper edge exactly against the lower edge of the
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spot in space 2. This has been recorded from Matto Grosso, S. Brazil (Rio, Sao Paulo, Blumenau) and Paraguay. Actually, cephise and hydames represent separate species on the basis of their genitalia and the spot arrangement of the females.
During June 1969, while collecting on the grounds of Hotel Covadonga, six miles south of Ciudad Valles, S. L. P., Mexico, I caught two males and a female of cephise; this represents a new skipper record for Mexico. Observations made during this collecting period makes it possible to correctly place systematically the genus Cephise. The three specimens collected were found in rather dense jungle. Their flight pattern and position in repose is very similar to members of the genus Urbanus. During the middle of the day when the jungle is hot and still cephise rests on the under surface of banana leaves or other similar vegetation with the wings folded. When disturbed they dart out and fly for a short distance but before settling again will abruptly hit the underside of a leaf two or three times before coming to rest. This characteristic is also exhibited by members of the genus Urbanus and Astraptes. Apparently this approach will disturb any predatory spider which might be present; the jungle is full of such arachnids.
From information obtained by observing the habits of Cephise cephise I now rearrange the position of Cephise and place it between Urbanus and Astraptes. Certain morphological as well as the behavioral characteristics indicate that this is a much better arrangement than that of Evans in which it follows Nascus, a member of the Celaenorrhinus group the species of which hold their wings flat in repose.
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my appreciation to the American Philosophical Society for a research grant which made this study possible.
Bibliography
Evans, W. H. 1952. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. Part II. London, British Museum. 178 pp.