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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
GENERIC NOTES ON TWO HAIRSTREAKS NEW TO THE UNITED STATES (LYCAENIDAE)
Harry K. Clench
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Perma. 15213
In the paper that follows this one, Mr. Roy O. Kendall reports the capture in Texas of three species of hairstreaks that are well known in Mexico, but had not previously been found in the United States. One of these is in good taxonomic order, but the other two require revision to bring their nomenclature up to date.
Ocaria Clench, new genus
Type species: Thecla ocrisia Hewitson 1868
Antennae composed of about 30 segments, of which the last 13 comprise the club; four terminal segments scaleless; an additional seven ventrally scaleless; longest shaft segment about 3.8 times as long as average club segment, the shaft slender, each segment white-ringed proximally. Eyes with dense, moderately long hair. Frons with erect scales and long, loose, erect bristles. Palpi with terminal segment long and slender, smoothly scaled; next proximal segment with erect ventral scales but no bristles.
Forewing with M2 from near middle of cell-end, (Mi-M2)/(Mi-M3) = 0.47; a large scent pad filling the end of the cell from one side to the other, and extending basad to near the origin of Cu2; scent pad composed of densely packed ochreous scales with a few fuscous scales intermixed; pad itself rimmed with densely packed modified scales of ground color. Hindwing with no tornal cleft, virtually no tornal lobe, and with only a short tail at Cu2, shorter than apical width of interspace Cui-Cu2.
Male genitalia (Fig. 1). Uncus lobes low, rounded, laterally narrow and quadrate, separated by a broad low median notch; falces broadly curved, practically without an "elbow," apically constricted but not hooked; vinculum with slight shoulder, but no shoulder process; posterior dorsal vinculum with thickened margin; anterior vinculum angularly produced midlaterally, associated with moderate coremata (scales about Vs as long as penis); saccus subquadrate, barely longer than width at middle; valvae loosely contiguous to tips, of normal length, broad to beyond middle, then abruptly narrow, but not tapered; penis about 2.5 times as long as valvae (1.9 X valvae + saccus), with tip slightly upturned, armed ventrally with a terminal triangular keel, proximally dentate, distally smooth; two apical multidentate cornuti, one subapical cornutus, not dentate but bluntly acuminate at its distal end.
Remarks. Ocaria is one of the few neotropical relatives so far discovered of the holarctic Satyrium. It differs from all others in the Satyrium series (Chlorostrymon Clench; Phaeostrymon Clench; Satyrium Scudder; Chrysophanus Scudder) in the projecting triangular shape of the ventral distal keel on the penis, in the presence of an anterior process on the vinculum for attachment of the coremata, and in the doubled distal (dentate) cornutus. The thickened posterior margin of the vinculum is found only in Chlorostrymon of the other known genera; in all the rest this thickening appears more or less internally as the vinculum strut.
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Fig. 1. Ocaria ocrisia Hewitson, $ genitalia. Top figure, genital capsule cut through the right vinculum and "unrolled," with uncus and falces at top; left vinculum, saccus and valvae to left. Middle figure, penis to same scale. Bottom figure, apical end of penis (enlarged to show cornuti and the serrate ventral keel). Specimen from near Gomez Farias, 300 m, southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, 9.1. 1966 (leg. H. Clench and L. D. Miller, CM-CUA Exp.), Slide no. C-1149, CM.
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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
Ocaria ocrisia is the only member of the genus which I have examined. One or two additional species (South American) may ultimately be found to belong here as well.
Thereus Hiibner
Thereus Hiibner [1819], Verz. bek. Schmett. (5): 79 (type species, by monotypy: Papilio lausus Cramer [1779]).
Genus ? {new genus)-. Clench 1961, in Ehrlich & Ehrlich, How to Know the Butterflies: 198.
Heterosmaitia Clench 1964, J. Res. Lepid. 2 ("1963"): 254 (type species, by original designation: Thecla bourkei Kaye 1924). NEW (SUBJECTIVE) SYNONYMY.
Until recently, no specimen of the species lausus Cramer was available to me for study. Its peculiar pattern resembled no Heterosmaitia I had seen and it never even occurred to me that it might belong here. I have now examined a specimen, and its genitalia indicate beyond any doubt that it is congeneric despite its peculiar appearance. Because it is the type species of the Hiibnerian genus Thereus, which has some 15 decades priority over Heterosmaitia, the latter name must fall.
Two species, neora Godman & Salvin and palegon Cramer, have been found, just as surprisingly, congeneric as well, although fortunately neither is involved in any serious problem of generic nomenclature. The former heretofore was placed in the genus Atlides Hiibner (with which its underside pattern agrees rather well). The two species bear no pattern resemblance to each other whatever, nor do they resemble lausus, nor are they at all similar to any of the other members of the genus so far as now known.
In contrast to these species (neora, palegon, lausus), which are so highly dissimilar, other species (thoana, guadala, brescia, bourkei) are so similar to one another that they pose major problems of identification. These "cryptic" species are so extremely similar, particularly in their underside patterns, that they possibly form some sort of mimetic association.
In my earlier paper (1964) I divided the genus into two groups. These groups (characterized in that paper), with the species now known to belong to them, are:
1. oppia group. Includes oppia Godman & Salvin (Middle America) and neora Godman & Salvin (Middle America). Besides being very different in pattern, these two differ structurally enough to warrant eventually being placed in two subgroups.
2. bourkei group. The subgroups I proposed (1964) must now be revised to accommodate the new additions.
Subgroup A. Male scent pad simple; corematal process broad and triangular; larger cornutus with many teeth; valvae divergent from mid-
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die and of normal length (reaching about to falcal shoulder). Includes bourkei Kaye (Jamaica), guadala Schaus (Middle America), brescia Hewitson (neotropical, widespread), palegon Cramer (neotropical, widespread).
Subgroup B. Male scent pad duplex, but without a rim of modified scales; corematal process broad, parallel-sided, long and apically rounded; larger cornutus with many teeth; valvae of normal length, contiguous to near tips. Includes thoana Hewitson (Middle America) and possibly several South American species of similar appearance (stagira Hewitson; erenea Hewitson).
Subgroup C. Male scent pad duplex and rimmed with enlarged, densely packed scales of ground color; corematal process elongate, tapering-triangular; larger cornutus without apical teeth; valvae extremely elongate-attenuate (similar to those of the genus Allosmaitia Clench 1964), reaching about to the tip of the falx, loosely contiguous to tips. Includes lausus Cramer (neotropical, widespread).
THREE HAIRSTREAKS (LYCAENIDAE) NEW TO TEXAS AND THE UNITED STATES
Roy O. Kendall
135 Vaughan Place, San Antonio, Texas 78201
Hurricane "Beulah" struck the mainland of extreme south Texas near Brownsville, 20 September 1967. Thousands of acres in the Lower Rio Grande Valley were completely inundated. Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge located on the Rio Grande near Alamo, Hidalgo County, Texas, was such an area. This is a favorite collecting spot for lepidopterists and a number expressed concern over the insect life there. With so much water, some collectors thought the insect life would be largely destroyed. When collecting trips could be resumed, I found that little if any damage to the insect populations had been done. On the contrary, in many ways improvements had occurred.
Extensive flooding had germinated seeds of native plants which had been dormant for a long time. A profusion of vegetation was produced the following year. "BeulafT also evidently distributed insects over wide areas, extending normal ranges for many species. This is evident by new records in 1968 for Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, and Heliconiinae