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210 Cowan: The name Anthocharis Vol. 23, no. 4
were shown. Some moths which rest flat on top of substrates or burrow slightly into them in nature, choose those substrates which allow this resting attitude to be assumed. Other moths, which are apparently negatively phototactic, select those substrates which allow burrowing, and thus serve to shield the moths from light.
Acknowledgments Financial support for these studies was provided by a grant from the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History.
I would like to thank Dr. T. D. Sargent of the Department of Zoology, University of Massachusetts, for his assistance in planning and conducting this study.
Literature Cited
Carrick, R., 1936. Experiments to test the efficiency of protective adaptations.
Trans. Roy. ent. Soc. Lond., 85: 131-139. Kettlewell, H. B. D., 1955. Recognition of appropriate backgrounds by the
pale and black phases of Lepidoptera. Nature, 175: 943. Sargent, T. D., 1966. Background selections of geometrid and noctuid moths.
Science, 154: 1674-1675. Sargent, T. D., 1969. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. III. Resting
attitudes of bark-like species. Anim. Behav. (in press) Turner, E. R. A., 1961. Survival value of different methods of camouflage as
shown in a model population. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 136: 273-283. Young, R. T., 1916. Some experiments on protective coloration. J. exp. Zool., 20:
457-508.
THE NAME ANTHOCHARIS (PIEMDAE)
The generic name Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur & Graslin, 18331 was published twice in quick succession, in consecutive livraisons of the same work; on 2 February on plate Papillonides 5, figs. 6, 7, and on 29 June on pages [35, 36]; in livraisons 12 and 13 respectively. On each occasion only one species was included, Anthocharis cardamines, i.e. Papilio cardamines Linnaeus, 1758, which is the type species by monotypy. The gender of the genus is feminine.
On the first occasion when it appeared, no authorship was indicated for the name. The heading of page [35] reads "Anthocharis cardamines Boisd.," suggesting that Boisduval claimed it as his own new combination. However, both technically and for clarity, it would seem best to credit the triple authorship.
These facts are published because it is noticed that some references are appearing to "Anthocaris," and once such an incorrect spelling gains currency it becomes increasingly difficult to eradicate. There is no doubt that Anthocharis is correct. Inevitably, misspellings followed, and in fact within two years "Anthocaris," "Antho-carix," and "Anthacaris" had all appeared. However, Boisduval himself, and all the nineteenth century authors were usually correct.—Charles F. Cowan, Little Gaddesden House, Berkhamsted, Herts., England.
i Boisduval, [J.B.A.de], Rambur, P., & Graslin, A. [de], 1832 [-1837]. Collection iconographique et historique des Chenilles, ou Description et Figures des Chenilles d'Europe, avec l'Histoire de leurs Metamorphoses, et des Applications a 1'Agriculture. pp. [1-5], 6, [7], 8-14, [15-496], pis. [126]. Paris.