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1969
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
175
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group (Satyridae). J. Lep. Soc, 23: 161-164. Fabricius, J. C, 1775. Systema entomologiae, p. 494. Flensburg and Leipsic
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A CASE OF AUTHORSHIP, MELITAEA RUBICUNDA (NYMPHALIDAE)
F. Martin Brown
Fountain Valley School, Colorado Springs, Colorado
A series of synopses of the butterflies of North America appeared in the first series of the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. They were published between 1878 and 1885. Most of these articles carry no author's name, yet some of them are nomenclatorially important. The authorship for the majority is indicated in a letter from George D. Hulst, of the Brooklyn Society, to Herman H. Strecker. This was written September 28, 1880, and in part reads "By the way, Graef & Tepper run the Synopsis of the Butterflies in the Bulletin and that of Argynnis has been made out by Mr. W. H. Edwards entirely" (Hulst, 1880).
176
Brown: Melitaea author
Vol. 23, no. 3
Thus the article on Argynnis in volume 2: 41, 89-92, and volume 3:23-24, 27-28, 67-68, 1880 should be credited to W. H. Edwards, according to Hulst. However, on page 89 there appears a footnote: "We hereby acknowledge our thanks to Mr. W. H. Edwards of Coalburgh, West Virginia, to whom we are deeply indebted for his kindness in furnishing us with descriptions of species not represented in our cabinet." This cast some question upon which descriptions of species noted in the article should be credited to Edwards and which to Graef and Tepper.
Beyond the material on Speyeria and Boloria, both of which Edwards included in Argynnis, there is evidence that Edwards wrote the section on Melitaea. In a letter to Henry Edwards dated September 26, 1880, he said, "I have been engaged in writing desc'ns for Tepper for Brooklyn Bulletin of the Melitaeas & take much trouble in order to have their Synopsis right, as near as may be" (Edwards, 1880).
The article on "Melitaea Fabr." appeared in volume 3: 69^70, 1880; 3: 80-81, 97-98, volume 4: 11-12, 1881; and volume 5: 61-62, 1882. In this article there are four new descriptions: colon Edw. (p. 80), perdiceas (sic) Edw. (p. 80) and baroni Hy. Edw. mss. (p. 80) published in the January 1881 number, and rubicunda Hy. Edw. mss. (p. 97) published in the April 1881 number. I discussed the situation for colon and perdiceas (Brown, 1967: 320-321). Earlier I discussed the peculiar situation that credits baroni to W. H. Edwards with the publication date July 2, 1879 (Brown, 1966: 373). In neither of these places did I comment upon the authorship of rubicunda. Both W. H. Edwards and Henry Edwards published the name accompanied by adequate descriptions of the same insect in April, 1881. We do not know precisely when the April, 1881 number of the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society was issued. We do know that the April, 1881 issue of "Papilio" is dated "April 26, 1881/' If we use the same philosophy for month dates of publication as is used for year dates, then until proven otherwise the Bulletin is assumed to have been published on the last day of April in 1881 and Henry Edwards has four days priority in use of the name rubicunda. This conforms with current usages of the name.
Literature Cited
Brown, F. M., 1966. The types of the Nymphalid Butterflies described by William Henry Edwards—Part II, Melitaeinae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 92: 357-468. 1967. The types of the Nymphalid Butterflies described by William Henry Edwards—Part III, Nymphalinae, Limenitidinae, Aparturinae and Charaxinae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 93: 319^393.
Edwards, W. H., 1880. mss. Letters to Henry Edwards in the Library, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
Hulst, G. E., 1880. mss. Letters to Herman H. Strecker in the Dept. of Entomology, Field Museum, Chicago, 111.