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1969 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 115
American populations. Nevertheless, the present author believes that B. poluris from northern British Columbia deserves careful consideration for subspecific status.
Acknowledgment I wish to thank Mr. Cyril F. dos Passos, who confirmed my identification of this insect and kindly provided me with the Atlin record.
Literature Cited Blackmore, E. H., 1927. Check-list of the Macrolepidoptera of British Columbia
(Butterflies and Moths), Provincial Museum of Natural History, Victoria,
British Columbia, 48 pp. Klots, A. B., 1951. A Field Guide to the Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston,
Mass., 349 pp. Llewellyn-Jones, J. R. J., 1951. An Annotated Check List of the Macrolepidoptera
of British Columbia, Ent. Soc. British Columbia, Occasional Paper No. 1, 148 pp.
A NOTABLE INTERGENERIC MATING (LYCAENIDAE)
The following intergeneric mating was observed by the author at Bear Creek Canyon, Yakima County, Washington, on June 9, 1968, at 1:30 P.M., P.D.T. A pair of copulating lycaenids was flushed from the road and soon resettled a few paces away. To my surprise the male participant was Plebejus icariodes montis Blackmore, and the female, Everes amyntula (Boisduval). The specimens were again flushed and netted airborne. The amyntula was the flying partner, in this instance.
Plebejus icariodes was quite common in the area, but the female amyntula was the only example of the species noted.
Don Frechin, 1745 N.E. 102nd, Seattle, Washington
A REVISED SYNONYMIC LIST OF THE NEARCTIC
MELITAEINAE WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES
(NYMPHALIDAE)
Cyril F. dos Passos
Washington Corners, Mendham, New Jersey
Introduction Within about one year two authors working independently revised a substantial number of Nearctic Melitaeinae genera. The first, H. L. Hig-gins (1960), published a revision of Chlosyne and allied species [genera], and the second, D. L. Bauer (1961), published on the Tribe Melitaeini. These two works, while not covering exactly the same ground, between them rendered the arrangement of the Melitaeinae genera and species in the Synonymic List (dos Passos, 1964) somewhat obsolete. That list had
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been completed as of December 31, 1958 but was long in course of publication. During that period it proved impossible to incorporate therein results of the foregoing publications.
The Nearctic Melitaeine genera dealt with by Higgins are Melitaea, Chlosyne, Thessalia, Texola, Dymasia, and Microtia. Those of the Tribe Melitaeini treated by Bauer are Chlosyne, Microtia, Melitaea, Poladryas, Phyciodes with three subgenera (Phyciodes, Eresia, and Tritanassa), and Euphydryas. Thus it will be seen that both authors dealt with Melitaea, Chlosyne, and Microtia. This paper will attempt to reconcile their respective views concerning those three genera, and where that is impossible, allocate the genera and species as thought best. A few changes will be suggested in genera covered by one author only.
Higgins' paper is long and detailed. It purports to give full synonymies and figures of the genitalia of the species. On the other hand, Bauer's paper is short but contains keys and figures of the adult insects. However, it includes no synonymies and does not treat subspecies or other infra-subspecific forms. For these reasons it has been necessary to rely more heavily on Higgins than Bauer, although the latter's revision is the later. Both papers are great improvements on the arrangement of the Synonymic List which was not a revision of the Melitaeinae.
Higgins often uses "form" to denote a subspecies. This is of course not in conformity with the Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Also and more important, Higgins has misdetermined the type of one genus proposed by him (Dymasia) and unfortunately does not give the dates of capture or the localities for source material of his figures. Bauer likewise has mis-determined the type species of Poladryas.
In preparing the following synonymic list, an effort has been made to solve all current problems because students are entitled to have this portion of the list brought up to date.
Fortunately, while this paper was in preparation, my colleague Mr. F. Martin Brown worked together with me on many of the problems involved in this subfamily. It is a pleasure to express my thanks to Mr. Brown for many valuable suggestions that he made. He has also had the kindness to read a draft of this manuscript. While we do not agree on all questions, especially the status of Melitaea ismeria Boisduval and LeConte, 1833, and the type and type locality of Melitaea callina Boisduval, 1869, our understanding of these problems has been clarified by frank discussions.
An effort has been made to fit the following names into the Synonymic List, hence the numbers start with 548 where the Melitaeinae commence on that list. A similar arrangement of the genera has been followed insofar as possible.
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Journal of the Lepidopterists Society
Subfamily MELIT^INAE CHLOSYNE Butler, 1870
Type: Papilio janais Drury, 1782 Melitaea Auctorum tSynchloe Doubleday (nee Hiibner, 1818), 1844 Coatlantona Kirby, 1871 Charidryas Scudder, 1872
548 nycteis (Doubleday), "1846-52" [ 1847]
nyctis (Boisduval), 1869 (lapsus calami) a n. nycteis (Doubleday), "1846-52" [ 1847]
oenone (Scudder), 1863 ^harrisii (Edwards nee Scudder, 1862), 1870
ab. millburni (Rummel), 1926
ab. lacteus (Gunder), 1928
ab. greyi (Field), 1934 b n. drusius (Edwards), 1884
ab. hewitsoni (Field), 1936 c n. reversa (Chermock & Chermock), 1940
549 gorgone (Hiibner), "1806" [1810] (partim, $ )
ismeria (Boisduval & Le Conte), [1833] a g. gorgone (Hiibner), "1806" [1810] (partim, $ ) b g. carlota (Reakirt), "1866-7" (1866)
nycteis Edwards (nee Doubleday), 1861
ab. nigra (Cary), 1901
ab. nox (Gunder), 1928
550 harrisii (Scudder), "1862" [1863]
a h. harrisii (Scudder), "1862" [ 1863] b h. hanhami (Fletcher), "1903" [ 1904] c h. albimontana (Avinoff), 1930 d h. liggetti (Avinof £), 1930
551 gabbii(Behr),1863
pola (Boisduval), 1869
a g. gabbii (Behr),1863
sonorae (Boisduval), 1869
ab. pasadenae (Gunder), 1924
ab. newcombi (J. A. Comstock), 1926
ab. gunderi (J. A. Comstock), 1926
b g. sabina (Wright), 1905
552 acastus (Edwards), "1874-6" (1874)
ab. pearlae (Gunder), 1926 form flavula (Barnes & McDunnough), 1918
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Vol. 23, no. 2
553 neumoegeni (Skinner), 1895
ab. fridayi (Gunder), 1932 ab. boharti (Gunder), 1933
554 damoetas (Skinner), 1902
ab. damoetella (McDunnough), 1927
555 malcolmi (J. A. Comstock), 1926
556 palla (Boisduval), 1852
a p. palla (Boisduval), 1852
form $ eremita (Wright), 1905 form sterope (Edwards), "1870-1" (1870) hewesi (Leussler), 1931 ab. wardi (Oberthiir), 1914 ab. blackmorei (Gunder), 1926 ab. stygiana (J. A. Comstock), 1926 ab. hemifusa (Gunder), 1930 ab. hopfingeri (Gunder), 1934 b p. whitneyi (Behr), 1863
whitnegi (Behr), 1868 (lapsus calami) ab. vanduzeei (Gunder), 1928 c p. vallismortis (Johnson), 1938 (emendatio) d p. calydon (Holland), 1931
557 hoffmanni (Behr), 1863
a h. hoff manni (Behr), 1863
helcita (Boisduval), 1869
ab. abnorma (Wright), 1905
ab. hollandae (Gunder), 1928 b h. segregata (Barnes & McDunnough), 1918
bridgei (J. A. Comstock), 1924 c h. manchada Bauer, "1959" [1960]
558 definita (Aaron), "1884" [ 1885]
schausi (Godman), (1901)
ab. albipUga (Aaron), "1884" [1885]
559 endeis (Godman & Salvin), 1894
560 janais (Drury),1782 "561 lacinia(Geyer),1837
a 1. adjutrix Scudder, 1875
nigra (Cockerell), 1893 (partim) bicolor (Cockerell), 1893 (partim) rufa (Cockerell), 1893 (partim) ab. inghami Gunder, 1928
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b 1. crocale (Edwards), "1874-6" (1874)
nigra (Cockerell), 1893 (partim)
bicolor (Cockerell), 1893 (partim)
rufa (Cockerell), 1893 (partim) form nigrescens (Cockerell), 1893 form rufescens (Cockerell), 1894 form flavida Higgins, 1960
562 californica (Wright), 1905
ab. chinoi Gunder, 1924
PHYCIODES (ANTHANASSA) Scudder, 1875 Type: Eresia cincta Scudder (nee Edwards, 1864) 1875 (= Melitaea texana Edwards, 1863)
Tritanassa Forbes, "1944" [ 1945] (partim)
563 texana (Edwards), 1863
a t. texana (Edwards), 1863
smerdis (Hewitson), 1864 b t. seminole (Skinner), 1911
564 ptolyca (Bates), 1864
PHYCIODES (ERESIA) Boisduval, [1836]
Type: Nereis eunice Hiibner, "1806" [1807] (= Eresia eunice Boisduval, [ 1836]) (lapsus calami)
565 frisia(Poey),1832
a f.frisia(Poey),1832
gyges Hewitson, 1864 b f.tulcis (Bates), 1864
genigueh Reakirt, "1865" [1866]
archesilea R. Felder, 1869
punctata Edwards, "1870-1" (1870)
PHYCIODES (PHYCIODES) Hiibner, "1816" [1819]
Type: Papilio cocyta Cramer, "1779" [1777] (= Papilio thaws Drury
"1770" [1773])
Tritanassa Forbes, "1944" [1945] (partim)
566 tharos (Drury), "1770" [ 1773]
a t. tharos (Drury), "1770" [ 1773] (gen. aest.) \morpheus (Fabricius, 1775 nee Pallas, 1771)
morphius (Fabricius), 1781 (lapsus calami) cocyta (Cramer), "1779" [1777] euclea (Bergstrasser), 1780 morphea (Godart), 1819 tharossa (Godart), 1819
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selenis (Kirby),1837
ab. packardii (Saunders), 1869
ab. reaghi Reiff, 1913
ab. dyari Gunder, 1928 gen. vern. marcia (Edwards), "1868-9" (1868) b t. artica dos Passos, 1935 c t. pulchella (Boisduval), 1852
pascoensis Wright, 1905 form $ herse Hall, 1924
ab. nigrescens Hall, 1924
567 batesii (Reakirt), 1865
ab. harperi Gunder, 1932
568 phaon (Edwards), 1864
gorgone (Hiibner), "1806" [1810] (partim, 9 ) gorgonia (Clark & Clark), 1941 (lapsus calami) gen. aest. aestiva Edwards, 1878 form hiemalis Edwards, 1878
ab. thornei Gunder, 1934
569 campestris (Behr), 1863
a c. campestris (Behr), 1863 $ pratensis (Behr), 1863
ab. macdunnoughi Gunder, 1928 (emendatio) b c. camillus Edwards, "1870-1" (1871)
ab. mata (Reakirt) "1866-7" (1866)
ab. emissa Edwards, "1870-1" (1871)
ab. rohweri Cockerell, 1913
ab. tristis Cockerell, 1913 c c. montana (Behr), 1863
orsa (Boisduval), 1869
570 picta Edwards, 1865
a p. picta Edwards, 1865 b p. canace Edwards, "1870-1" (1871) ab. jemezensis Brehme, 1913
571 vesta (Edwards), "1868-9" (1869) (gen. hiem.)
hiemalis Edwards, 1878 gen. aest. aestiva Edwards, 1878 boucardi Godman & Salvin, 1878
572 mylitta (Edwards), "1861-3" (1861)
a m. mylitta (Edwards), "1861-3" (1861) collina (Behr nee Lederer, 1861) 1863 collinsia Edwards, 1872 (lapsus calami)
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mylittae Wright, 1883 (lapsus calami)
epula (Boisduval), 1869 b m. barnesi Skinner, 1897
ab. collinsi Gunder, 1930
ab. macyi Fender, 1930 c m. pallida (Edwards), 1864 d m. thebais Godman & Salvin, 1878
arida (Skinner), 1917
573 orseis Edwards, "1870-1" (1871)
ab. edwardsi Gunder, 1927
THESSALIA Scudder, 1875
Type: Melitaea leanira Felder & Felder, 1860
574 leanira (Felder & Felder), 1860
a 1. leanira (Felder & Felder) 1860 form obsoleta (H. Edwards), 1877
obliterata (Strecker), 1878 (lapsus calami) form wrightii (Edwards), 1886 form leona (Wright), 1905 ab. carolynae (Gunder), 1926 form pelona (Gunder), 1930 b 1. cerrita (Wright), 1905 c 1. daviesi (Wind), 1947
575 cyneas (Godman & Salvin), (1878)
ab. infrequens (Gunder), 1928
576 alma (Strecker), "1877" [ 1878]
fulvia (Edwards), 1879 ab. sinefascia (Williams), 1914 ab. koebelei (Gunder), 1927 *577 theona (Menetries), 1855
a t. thekla (Edwards), "1870-1" (1870)
ab. benjamini (Gunder), 1928 b t. bollii (Edwards), "1877" [ 1878] 577^2 chinatiensis (Tinkham), 1944
DYMASIA Higgins, 1960
Type: Melitaea dymas Higgins (nee Edwards, 1864) (= Melitaea chara Edwards, "1883" [1884])
578 dymas (Edwards), 1864
larunda (Strecker), "1877" [1878] $ senrabii (Barnes), 1900
579 chara (Edwards), "1883" [ 1884]
dymas Higgins (nee Edwards, 1864), 1960
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a c. chara (Edwards), "1883" [1884] b c. imperialis (Bauer) "1958" [ 1959]
ab. jacintoi (Gunder), 1924
ab. nitela (J. A. Comstock), 1926
TEXOLA Higgins, "1958" [1959] Type: Eresia elada Hewitson, 1868
580 elada (Hewitson), 1868
a e. elada (Hewitson), 1868 b e. callina (Boisduval), 1869 c e. ulrica (Edwards), 1877
ubrica (Skinner), 1898 (lapsus calami) imitata (Strecker), "1877" [1878] d e. perse (Edwards), 1882
POLADRYAS Bauer, [1961]
Type: Melitaea pola Oberthiir, 1911, nee Boisduval, 1869 (= Melitaea arachne Edwards, "1868-9" [1869])
581 minuta (Edwards), 1861
a m. minuta (Edwards), 1861
approximata (Strecker), 1900 b m. nympha (Edwards), 1884
582 arachne (Edwards), "1868-9" (1869)
pola Oberthiir (nee Boisduval, 1869), 1911
ab. polingi (Gunder), 1926
ab. gunderiae (Holland), 1931 a a. monache (J. A. Comstock), 1918 b a. gilensis (Holland), 1931
MICROTIA Bates, 1864
Type: Microtia elva Bates, 1864
583 elva Bates, 1864
EUPHYDRYAS Scudder, 1872
Type: Papilio phaeton Drury, "1770" [1773]
\Lemonias Hubner, [1806] (Opinion 278, name 79) Melitaea Auctorum (nee Fabricius, 1807)
592 phaeton (Drury) "1770" [ 1773]
ab. streckeri (Ellsworth), 1902
593 chalcedona (Doubleday), "1846-52" [ 1847]
ab. lorquini (Oberthiir), 1914 b c. dwinellei (H. Edwards), 1881 f c. perdiccas (Edwards), "1880-1" [ 1880] (emendatio)
perdieeas (Edwards), "1880-1" [1880] (lapsus calami)
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5933* colon (Edwards), "1880-1" [1881]
594 anicia (Doubleday), "1846-52" [ 1847]
k ab. melanodisca (J. A. Comstock), 1918 1 ab. rubrolimbata (J. A. Comstock), 1918
595 editha (Boisduval), 1852
g e. nubigena (Behr), 1863
nubigea (Carpenter), 1877 (lapsus calami) 1 e. edithana (Strand), 1915
The following explanations will help answer questions concerning placement of names, especially where the above list deviates from the treatment of either Higgins or Bauer, or both, or where more recent information has been incorporated. The present arrangement includes eight fewer species level taxa, owing primarily to the relegation to subspecies of entities formerly considered to be species.
Chlosyne
For reasons that will be explained in a subsequent paper, Chlosyne ismeria (Boisduval and LeConte) has been placed in the synonymy of C. gorgone (Hiibner) $ and C. gorgone (Hiibner) 9 in the synonymy of Phyciodes (Phyciodes) phaon.
There is no definite record of the occurrence of Chlosyne erodyle (Bates), 1864, in the Nearctic region. Consequently, it has been omitted from the list.
Also three heretofore considered subspecies of Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer), 1837, have been omitted because they are not believed to occur in the Nearctic region. These are Synchloe quehtala Reakirt, 1866, described from Vera Cruz, Mexico; S. ardema Reakirt, 1866, described from Mexico, and S. pretona Boisduval, 1870, described from Guatemala.
Anthanassa
Brown (1965: 192) has applied to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to designate a type-species under the plenary powers for Anthanassa Scudder. If that application is granted, Melitaea texana Edwards, 1863, will become the type-species of Anthanassa (Z.N. (S.) 1697).
Eresia
Eresia leucodesma (Felder & Felder), 1861, has been omitted on the advice of Brown (1966: 424).
The author is advised by Bauer (in litt.) that three specimens of Phyciodes ptolyca (Bates) have been taken in Texas and that he has one of the three in his collection, hence that name has been added to the list as no. 564.
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Thessalia Bauer ([1961]: 139) places leanira in Chlosyne. Higgins (1960: 442) places leanira in Thessalia. Higgins is followed.
Dymasia
Higgins (1960: 455) proposed the name Dymasia with Melitaea dymas Edwards as the type species. Unfortunately, as Brown (1966: 381) has pointed out, Higgins misdetermined dymas. The specimen before him was Melitaea chara Edwards which Higgins (1960: 456) incorrectly placed in the synonymy of dymas. They are actually two different species although closely related, the females being quite different. Consequently, dymas Higgins equals chara Edwards, and chara is therefore the type of Dymasia. Higgins (1960: 456) claims that imperialis is the spring generation of dymas at Palm Springs, but it seems to the author to be entitled to sub-specific rank.
Texola
Brown (1967: 273) has cast doubt upon the occurrence of Texola elada callina in southern California, although one type was named from Sonora, southern California. That situation will be examined in a later paper.
POLADRYAS
Melitaea pola, Bauer's type of Poladryas, is the pola of Oberthiir and not of Boisduval and is actually M. arachne Edwards, hence the type of Poladryas is M. arachne Edwards "1868-9" (1869).
Higgins under Melitaea lists minuta, approximata, pola, arachne, monache, gilensis, nympha, polingi, and gunderiae. It is a question whether to follow Higgins and list these names as Melitaea, or Bauer and list them as Poladryas. In either event, the species will remain substantially as in the Synonymic List. Higgins places gilensis in the synonymy of Melitaea pola, but the author has given it subspecific standing.
Bauer does not mention nympha Edwards, approximata Strecker, gilensis Holland or monache apparently because he considers them to be subspecies.
Microtia
Higgins (1960: 460) states that elva is not Nearctic, but Bauer ([1961]: 132) claims that elva occurs in southern Arizona to southern Texas, hence it is listed. In substantiation of that statement, he has furnished the author with a recent record from Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., Pima Co., Arizona. This specimen, collected by Lloyd Martin, is in the Los Angeles County Museum.
Melitaea dymas is the other species Bauer places in Microtia while
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Higgins places it in Dymasia as the type. That situation is explained under Dymasia.
EUPHYDRYAS
Bauer ([1961]: 127-130) lists the same five species of Euphydryas as dos Passos (1964) but in different order and adds Euphydryas colon as a sixth species. Since Bauer gives no reason for changing the order of listing the names, there is no point in following him and in repeating the listings except to include colon as a species and list those instances where an additional name or a typographical correction should be added or made in the list.
Literature Cited
Bauer, D. L., [1961]. Tribe Melitaeini. Checker spots, crescents, and patch butterflies. In: Ehrlich and Ehrlich. How to know the butterflies. Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa, [8] + 262 pp., 525 figs.
Brown, F. M., 1965. Anthanassa Scudder, 1875 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed designation of a type-species under the plenary powers. Z.N.(S.) 1697. Bull. Zool. Nomen., 22: 192-194.
1965. Three letters from J. B. A. D. de Boisduval to W. H. Edwards and the true identity of Melitaea pola Bdv., and Melitaea callina Bdv., J. Lep. Soc, 19: 197-211.
1966. The types of Nymphalid butterflies described by William Henry Edwards— Part II Melitaeine. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 92: 357-368, 321 figs.
1967. Lorquin's localities "Sonora" and "Utah." J. Lepid. Soc, 21(4): 271-274. dos Passos, C. F., 1964. A synonymic list of the Nearctic Rhopalocera. Memoir
No. 1, The Lepidopterists' Society, vi + 145 pp. Higgins, L. G., 1960. A revision of the Melitaeine genus Chlosyne and allied species [genera] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalinae). Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond., 112: 381-467, 137 figs.
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE a.(n.s.)82
Required six-month's notice is given on the possible use of plenary powers by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in connection with the following names listed by case number: (see, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 25, pt. 2/3, 27 September 1968):
1843. Validation of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Insecta, Hemiptera)
1845. Type-species for Anoplius Dufour, 1834; Neotypes for Sphex niger Fabricius,
1775, and Spliex nigerrimus Scopoli, 1763 (Insecta, Hymenoptera) (see, Bull. zool. Nomencl. 25, pt. 4/5, 17 January 1969)
1852. Suppression of Siphocoryne angelicae del Guercio, 1911 (Insecta, Hemiptera)
1853. Validation of emendation to Hyposmocoma of Hyposmochoma Butler, 1881
(Insecta, Lepidoptera)