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1968
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
209
4. Data for females in crowded (A) versus uncrowded (B) popula­tion cages were tested for equality of means and variances. Combined data for females under both conditions were compared with the data from males for equality of means and variances.
Crowded females (A)             NA = 196        XA = 2.224        s2A = 1.146
Uncrowded females (B)        NB = 266        XB = 2.320        s2B = 1.433
Combined data for females   Nc = 462        Xc = 2.279         s2c = 1.299
Males                                          NM = 206        XM = 4.252        s2M = 5.315
Hypothesis Test Degrees of Value of         Value of                Significance Conclusion
Freedom Experimental Tabulated              Level
Statistic           Statistic
o-a2 = ctb2 F-test 265,195     1.251    1.28 <F.02< 1.59   .02   variances equal
^A = ^B t-test 460          .770   2.33< t.02<2.36   .02   means equal
o-c2 = °-m2 F-test 205,461    4.091    1.00<F.02<1.48   .02   variances unequal
/xc = /*m *' 205,461    11.664   2.33<t,.02<2.35   .02   means unequal
(Cockran and    Cox)
LEONARD STEVENS PHILLIPS (1908-1968)
Leonard Stevens Phillips was born December 4, 1908 at Le Claire, Iowa. He died suddenly in Chicago, Illinois, February 13, 1968. He was the son of Clyde and Winifred Phillips. His marriage to Merle Olive Garton took place May 26, 1937. She survives him; there were no chil­dren.
He attended the public schools of Le Claire and received his B.A. de­gree from the State University of Iowa in 1932. He did graduate work there and at the Iowa State University of Agriculture, and received his teacher's certificate from the Iowa State Teachers' College in 1938.
He engaged in private business from 1936 to 1946, then became a laboratory assistant in the Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, a position which he held until 1950. Following a period as laboratory technician with Swift and Company in Chicago, he became Assistant Biologist at the Illinois Institute of Technology Research In­stitute. Here he was in charge of the animal room and worked on many projects involving the use of small animals in behavioral studies and bio­chemical research. In 1965 he joined the Loop City College of Chicago as a laboratory assistant, and in 1967 returned to private business, in which he was engaged at the time of his death.
Leonard was an active and enthusiastic collector of Lepidoptera. He collected personally in every state of the continental United States and
210
Irwin : Phillips obituary
Vol. 22, no. 4
maintained an active correspondence and exchange with fellow lepidop-terists throughout the world. He contributed several papers to the pages of this Journal; a bibliography is given below. His collection of some 5,600 specimens of worldwide Lepidoptera is being retained by his widow for the present, but will be presented to Buena Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa.
Among his other interests were collections of pressed plants, minerals, and stamps; woodworking, and amateur art. He was active in Boy Scout, boys' club, and church work. He was a member of the Chicago En­tomological Society, and had been a member of the Lepidopterists' Society since 1948.
Leonard's many friends and correspondents will miss his friendly, out­going personality, his enthusiasm for his avocation, and his willingness to be of service to others.
Bibliography of Leonard S. Phillips
1936. A red-bellied woodpecker. Iowa Bird Life, March 1936.
1955.     A Papilio flight pattern. Lepid. News, 9: 143.
1956.     Monarchs numerous in an Iowa ravine. Lepid. News, 10: 44.
1960.     Fluorescence in the colors of certain Lepidoptera observed under ultraviolet light. J. Lepid. Soc, 13: 73-77.
1961.     Nymphalis j-album captured at fluorescent light in Chicago. J. Lepid. Soc, 15: 101.
1965.     Flight habits of Boloria toddi. J. Lepid. Soc, 19: 104.
1966.     Nymphalis calif omica in Illinois and Iowa. J. Lepid. Soc, 20: 124.
Roderick R. Irwin, 24 East 99th Place, Chicago, Illinois.