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180
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Shapiro: Pyrginae biologies
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Vol. 22, no. 3
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larvae from eggs laid on Malva, and older larvae, to feed on Chenopo-dium, but it was always rejected. The "mistake" by the June 17 female is of special interest as a number of other Pyrginae, including the genus Pholisora, routinely feed on Chenopodiaceae.
P. communis is abundant throughout the southern Finger Lakes region of New York, occurring in disturbed "dump-heap" habitats and in fallow fields. It has also been reared locally on garden hollyhock (Althaea). It appears to be at least partially triple-brooded (June 1— October 17).
Pholisora catullus (Fabricius)
Larvae of this species were taken from Celosia argentea var. cristata (L.) Ktze. (cockscomb, Amaranthaceae) and Chenopodium paganum Reich. (Chenopodiaceae) at Ithaca. The larvae from Celosia accepted Amaranthus hybridus L. (pigweed) and fed to maturity on it. Two larvae from C. paganum refused to accept Atriplex patula L. (Chenopodiaceae).
Literature Cited
Forbes, W. T. M. 1928. Lepidoptera. in W. D. Leonard, ed., List of the Insects of New York. Cornell Univ. Agric. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101, pp. 532-686 ["1926"]. 1960. The Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States. Part IV. Cornell Univ. Agric. Expt. Sta., Mem. 371, 188 pp.
Shapiro, A. M. 1966. Butterflies of the Delaware Valley. American Ent. Soc; Philadelphia; 79 pp.
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VARIATIONS OF CERCYONIS PEGALA PEGALA (SATYRIDAE)
IN NEW JERSEY
Joseph Muller
R. D. 1, Lebanon, New Jersey
I found Mather's article on Cercyonis pegala pegala (Fabricius) in the Journal (1966, vol. 20, p. 186) interesting, and believe it would be advisable to publish a somewhat similar diagnosis of Cercyonis specimens from New Jersey.
All specimens herein mentioned were caught on the southern coastal plain of New Jersey from Cape May, the most southern tip of New Jersey, (situated about as far south as Washington, D. C), north to Chatsworth (Burlington County). The localities and collecting data are given below and the variations described.
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1968
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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
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181
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No published record appears to exist of any catches of Cercyonis pegala pegala in New Jersey prior to this paper. Klots (1951: 72) mentions New Jersey as a blend zone only. Coastal specimens have heretofore been listed by Comstock (1940: 60) as alope (Fabricius).
The material examined consists of 48 specimens from the southern coastal plain, collected in about even numbers by Mr. F. Rutkowski and myself.
Localities and data (numbers of specimens given in parentheses): Cape May: (1) July 26, 1958; (8) July 19, 1961; (20) July 16, 1966; Bass River State Park (near Harrisville Pond, 60 miles north of Cape May): (5) July 16, 1966; New Gretna (about the same distance from Cape May): (2) July 16, 1966; Chatsworth (about 70 miles north of Cape May): (8) August 11, 1966; (4) July 16, 1966.
There are only four females in the lot, each with equally large ocelli in the yellow patch on the upper side of the primaries. They are included among the data from males below.
Variations in ocelli near the upper outer margin of the primaries:
Two equal- Lower ocellus Lower very One
sized ocelli smaller small ocellus
(3 mm) (l8/i mm) (1 mm) (21A mm) Cape May
(31 specimens) 17 5 6 3
Chatsworth & New Gretna
(17 specimens) 13 2 2 0
Variations of the ocelli on the upper side of the secondaries:
Two ocelli Three ocelli None
Cape May 2 3 1
Chatsworth 2 3 0
Nine specimens from Bass River and Chatsworth all show the yellow patch light yellow and ground color on upper outer margin of the primaries and underside of the secondaries much lighter. The ocelli on underside of secondaries vary from 2 to 6. Two of the 9 specimens have 2 ocelli; 4 specimens have 5 ocelli; and 3 have the ocelli large.
Variation in phenotype shown by Cercyonis specimens from Bass River State Park and Chatsworth, in color and ocelli, show a gradual blending from C. pegala pegala into C. pegala alope. This indicates that the blend zone starts about 60 miles north of Cape May.
The above descriptions show that the New Jersey population of pegala is variable in the size of ocelli. Specimens with one ocellus are scarce (3 in 48).
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182
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Lambremont: Unidirectional Phoebis flight Vol. 22, no. 3
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Curiously, all butterflies in Bass River State Park rested only on tree trunks, while those caught at Cape May were collected in open grassy meadow mixed with brush.
I want to thank Dr. Cyril F. dos Passos for determining my specimens.
Literature Cited
Comstock, W. P., 1940. Butterflies of New Jersey. A list of the Lepidoptera suborder Rhopalocera occuring in the State of New Jersey; giving time of flight, food plants, records of capture with locality and date. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 48: 47-84.
Klots, A. B., 1951. A field guide to the butterflies of North America, East of the Great Plains. [Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.] XVI -f 350 pp., 40 pis.
Mather, Bryant, 1966. Cercyonis pegala pegala (Satyridae): occurrence in Mississippi and variation in forewing maculation. Jour. Lepid. Soc, 20: 186-188.
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MASS ONE-DIRECTIONAL FLIGHT OF CLOUDLESS SULFURS (PIERIDAE) IN ALABAMA AND MISSISSIPPI
A large flight of cloudless sulfur butterflies (Phoebis sennae eubule (L.)) was observed between 11:00 A.M. and 1:00 P.M. September 10, 1967 in west central Albama and extending into Mississippi. This flight was unidirectional, moving toward the southeast, and was noted while the writer traveled westward from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, on U. S. Highway 11. That portion observed covered an airline distance of more than 80 miles. The flight bore many of the characteristics of migrating populations of this species previously described by other workers, namely a steadfast one-directional bearing, a rather uniform height of between five to ten feet above trees, ground and other surfaces, and steady but rapid forward speed estimated at five miles per hour. Williams (1937) referred to regular migrations of P. sennae eubule (which he called "The Traveling Butterfly") occurring in a southward direction in Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, South Carolina, and New Jersey. These apparently occurred in a north to south movement in the fall, but the return spring flights were less well documented.
Although the number of insects was nowhere near the larger migrating hordes noted by other workers for the cloudless sulfur, several hundred individuals could be seen crossing the highway at a time along a distance of one quarter mile. This approximate density extended to the town of Eutaw, Alabama, where the density began to thin. The flight was, therefore, more abundant along its eastern edge, with the greatest number of individuals noted just west of the intersection of the Black Warrior River and U. S. 11 (U. S. 45). The western edge of the observed flight extended just westward of Meridian, Mississippi, where it was thinly populated, with just a few individuals per quarter mile of road.
Literature Cited
Williams, C. B. 1937. Butterfly Travelers. National Geographic Magazine, 71: 568-85.
Edward N. Lambremont, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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