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118 Munshi and Moiz: Polydorus pupa Vol. 22, no. 2
observations with regards to color changes follow. The pupa is of light brown color with pinkish tinge immediately after pupation. Later, the color changes to light brown with markings of white and dark shades. The anterior portion comprising of the head, thorax, and wings is of a darker shade than the posterior portion. Prior to the emergence of the adult, the pupa become blackish.
Acknowledgments To Jerry A. Powell, University of California, Berkeley, I extend my sincere appreciation for critically editing, correcting, and improving the manuscript.
Literature Cited Ghosh, C. C, 1914. Life histories of Indian insects. V. Lepidoptera. Mem. Dept.
Agr. India, Entomol. Series 5(l):53-58. Talbot, F. C, 1939. Fauna of British India. Vol. 1. Butterflies, Papilionidae. p. 61. Wynter-Blyth, M. A., 1957. The butterflies of the Indian Region (Papilionidae). Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. pp. 365-375.
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A MIGRATION OF VANESSA CARDUI (NYMPHALIDAE) IN OHIO
Several observers noted a great increase in the numbers of Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) present throughout Ohio during the spring and summer of 1966. This abundance of cardui was quite noticeable in the upper Miami Valley. It was particularly noteworthy because it occurred after several years of relative scarcity.
A migration of cardui was observed in western Ohio from June 13 to June 19, 1966. The point of observance was at Minster, Auglaize County. The direction of the flight of the painted ladies was from southwest to northeast. The flight of individuals was rapid, aided during most of the migration by a wind from the southwest.
The week of June 13 to June 19 was abnormally warm, with the temperature reaching 102° on June 18. Below is a table of the maximum and minimum temperatures during the migration, at Minster.
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June 13 warm, showers June 14 fair and warm June 15 showers June 16 fair and warm June 17 fair and warm June 18 fair and warm June 19 fair and warm
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Max. Temp. °F Min. Temp. °F
88 56
82 60
74 52
80 58
102 50
94 50
98 50
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1968
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Journal of the Lepidopterists Society
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119
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The cardui flew at a variable height so as to fly only a few feet above fences, or buildings in their path. The flight pattern never varied; the butterflies never veered to avoid an obstacle but simply rose up over it. The flight over open fields was about three feet above the ground level.
The rate at which the cardui passed over our line of observation (a width of about 70 feet) was estimated at 12 to 15 individuals per hour during the first days of the migration. Sunday, June 19, 1966 marked a flight peak and also its end. On this windy afternoon the rate of passage increased to 20 to 25 per hour. Few of the cardui were observed on any of the days after 4:00 P.M.
A number of specimens of cardui captured and examined were old and worn, showing the wear and tear of an apparent long flight. A few of the cardui netted were in good condition. A curious phenomenon was noted in connection with the flight of the cardui; occasionally they were accompanied by what appeared to be Polygonia interrogations (Fabricius).
Records of Vanessa cardui migrating in the eastern United States are few, and little is known concerning the reasons for migration. Host plants are available in western Ohio.
Louis A. Hoying, 227 S. Hanover Street, Minster, Ohio
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ADDENDA TO THE LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF MICHIGAN
Owen A. Perkins
2806 Linwood, Royal Oak, Michigan
"A Revised Annotated List of the Butterflies of Michigan"' was published in the Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, Number 617, June 8, 1960 by Sherman Moore. Since Rho-palocera collected by myself since 1941 were not included in the list, the seventy entries which follow add to its completeness.
Key: Zones: NLP (Northern Lower Peninsula); SLP (Southern Lower Peninsula); county names are given where species have been taken. Dates: A date given with a dash (—) following represents the
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