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8
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Riotte: Sphingid synonymy
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Vol. 21, no. 1
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sionary work of Evans for the Hesperiidae, Klots for the Pieridae and Stempffer for the Lycaenidae have been followed; nomenclature in the Papilionidae and Nymphalidae has also been brought reasonably well up to date.
The type faces are readable, though a little small, and careful editing is evident. This book should be in the hands of all lepidopterists and of all those interested in the African fauna. It may be obtained by sending the remittance to Mr. John D. Handman, Secretary, the Society of Malawi, Box 449, Blantyre, Malawi, Africa.
R. M. Fox, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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SYNONYMY OF LEUCOPHLEBIA LIN EAT A BRUNNEA (SPHINGIDAE)
Leucophlebia lineata brunnea was described in 1915 by A. Closs1 from Formosa. In 1936 B. Preston Clark, also from Formosa, described Leucophlebia lineata formosana.2 The type of the former is deposited in the collection of the "Deutsches Entomologisches Institut" in Eberswalde (German Democratic Republic); the type of the latter, with the rest of Clark's worldwide sphingid collection, in the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
In order to be sure that the types are representative of one and the same population, the type of brunnea was compared in Pittsburgh by the writer with the type of formosana. Both were found to represent the same entity.
The name Leucophlebia lineata formosana B. P. Clark, therefore, is synonymous with Leucophlebia lineata brunnea Closs.
I wish to thank Dr. G. Friese, German Entomological Institute, for having effected the loan of the type specimen of brunnea to me.
J. C. E. Riotte, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1 Closs, A., 1915. H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute, Sphingidae (Lep.). Suplementa Entomolo-gica, 4: 1-3 (Berlin).
2 Clark, B. P., 1936. Description of twenty-four new Sphingidae and notes concerning two others. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, XV: 71-91 (Cambridge, Mass.).
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32
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Krivda: Monarch in Saskatchewan Vol. 21, no. 1
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from the insect screens of cars arriving from areas much further south.
In view of the foregoing remarks I was surprised to see a specimen of the monarch collected at Cookson, Saskatchewan, a locality 25 miles north of Shell Brook near Prince Albert. The worn specimen was collected by Kenneth Cole, a high school student, in mid-June, 1964, at flowers of lilac on the Cole farm. Although only one monarch was taken, five others were on the lilacs at the same time. This specimen is now in the writer's collection at The Pas.
During the following season only one individual was seen; it was flying in a garden at Cookson. This would seem to indicate that the return spring migration of the monarch reaches into the Prince Albert area. This is a considerable extension of its known range as defined by F. Urquhart (1960) who reported rare collections at Duval, 40 miles north of Regina and also at Furness, Saskatchewan, near the Alberta border, some 20 airline miles south of Cookson's latitude.
At this latitude the species cannot become established because its food plant, milkweed (Asclepias spp.), does not occur this far north. Apparently, Asclepias ovalifolia, the usual food plant on the prairies, is also spreading in range. Formerly it was a typical, black-soil prairie species but now thrives in gravel and clay of railway embankments in spots such as on the outskirts of Winnipeg. This portends a future spread and establishment of the monarch in areas from which it is at present completely absent. It is a southern species now venturing to the 53° parallel on the prairies. Its sailing flight and ability to fly great distances has enabled it to spread to distant areas and to become established in those areas where its food plant has been introduced.
The viceroy, Limenitis archippus Cramer, is similar in appearance to the monarch and is believed to mimic the monarch. The viceroy is part of the butterfly fauna to at least the 55° parallel in Manitoba (Lynn Lake, Manitoba specimen in the writer's collection taken in 1958). Thus, the viceroy extends some 400 miles northward of the most northern records for the monarch. It is strange that the viceroy's model should only now be extending its range northward within the distribution of the viceroy. It would be interesting to know if the protection gained by the viceroy has application in northern latitudes.
The present records, one collected specimen and flight records of six others, at Cookson, Saskatchewan considerably extend our knowledge of the northward range of the monarch in Canada.
Literature Cited Urquhart, F., 1960. The monarch butterfly. Univ. Toronto Press, p. 185.
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