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266 Recent Literature on Lepidoptera Vol.18: no.4
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E. DISTRIBUTION AND PHENOLOGY
Eidmann, H., "Grundsatzliches iiber die Ursachen der Verbreitung und Popula-
tionsdichte der Insekten" [in German]. Zool. Ariz., suppl. no.13 (Verhandl.
deutschen Zool. 1948 in Kiel): pp.359-365, 3 figs. 1949. Explains range limitations
in monophagous Lepidoptera by combination of climatic tolerance and foodplant
range. [P.B.] Ekstrom, Martin, "Lepidopterologiska notiser fran Gotland" [in Swedish; German
summary] Opusc. ent., vol.15: pp. 139-142. 1950. Erastria venustata, Anarsia
lineatella, Gelechia muscosella, Blabophanes monachella new for Sweden. Notes
on 7 other spp., new to Gotland. [P.B.] Emmet, A. M., "Nonagria algae Esper (cannae Ochs.) (Lep., Caradrinidae) in
Ireland." Entomologist, vol.87: p.31. 1954. New record. Ernst, Richard, "Fur Osterreich neu!" [in German]. Zeitschr. Wiener Ent. Ges.,
vol.36: p. 130. 30 June 1952. Grammodes stolida, new to Austria. [P.B.] Esaki, Teiso, "Brief notes on alpine butterflies [of Japan]" [in Japanese]. New
Entomologist, vol.2: pp. 1-7, 2 tables June 1952. 9 spp. in Honshu, 5 in Hokkaido.
[T.I.] Esaki, Teiso, "Milionia pryeri Druce, a new pest in Kyushu (Geometridae)" [in
Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.6, no.3: pp.14-15, 1 fig. March 1953. The caterpillars
damage Podocarpus macrophylla (Podocarpaceae). [T.I.] Evers, Hans, "Beitrage zur Macrolepidopterenfauna von Sylt" [in German]. Bombus,
no.39: pp.169-172; correction, ibid, no.53: p.232. 1947; 1948. Annotated list of
80 spp. from NW Germany. [P.B.] Ext, Werner, "Das Massenauftreten der Gammeule Plusia gamma L. in Schleswig-
Holstein in Sommer 1946" [in German]. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkraukh., vol.55:
pp.75-81. March/April 1948. Report on extent & intensity of outbreak. Practically
all crops attacked. [P.B.]
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BOOK NOTICE
A REVISION OF THE MELITAEINE GENUS CHLOSYNE AND ALLIED SPECIES (Lepidoptera: Nyphalinae). By L. G. Higgins. Trans. Royal Ent. Soc. London, 112 (14): 381-475, 134 figs. Dec. 31, 1960. 2. 2s. Od. ($5.88). Paper.
Judging from several manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication recently, it appears that a number of members of the Society are unaware of Higgins' revision. This treatment is based on structural characters including genitalia of both sexes, wing venation, and labial palpus. In general the arrangement is similar to that of Bauer (1961, in Ehrlich, How to Know the Butterflies) for Nearctic species which was in press concurrently.
Higgins ascribes Melitaea F. to the North American fauna for minuta Edw. and allies for which Bauer proposed the new genus Poladryas. Other noteworthy differences include Higgins' use of Thessalia Scudder for leanira Feld. & Feld. and theona Men., and Texola Higgins, 1959, for elada Hew., all of which are retained in Chlosyne by Bauer. In addition, Higgins proposes a new genus, Dymasia, for dymas Edw., considering it to be sufficiently distinct from Microtia elva Bates. Many differences exist between the two treatments at the specific and subspecific levels; Higgins' concepts include treatment of the Neotropical representatives of the group. Both arrangements should supercede that of dos Passos' list (1964, Synonymic List of Nearctic Rhopalocera) where these species are lumped under Melitaea, a concept dating back to the time of dos Passos' original manuscript, about 1959. — editor
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