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RECENT LITERATURE ON LEPIDOPTERA
Under this heading are included abstracts of papers and books of interest to lepidopterists. The world's literature is searched systematically, and it is intended that every work on Lepidoptera published after 1946 will be noticed here; omissions of papers more than 3 or 4 years old should be called to Dr. Bellinger's attention. New genera and higher categories are shown in CAPITALS, new species and subspecies are noted, with type localities if given in print.
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F. BIOLOGY AND IMMATURE STAGES
Mills, M. B., "Observations on the life history of the moth Anthela xantharca (Meyrick)." West. Austral. Nat., vol.4: pp.86-90, 4 figs, 1954. Larvae of A. xantharca (Anthelidre) feed during the winter at night on Acacia acuminata; the adults emerge the following autumn. [I. C.I
Minamikawa, Jinhaku, "On the hymenopterous parasites of the tea-leaf rollers found in Japan and Formosa." Mushi, vol.26: pp.35-46, 3 figs. 1954. Records of 19 spp. parasitic in Homona coffearia, Adoxophyes privatana, & Gracilaria theivora; 3 parasites are described as new. [P. B.]
Minch, Edith L., "Insect inhabitants of Polyporus betulinus." Journ. Neiv York ent. Soc, vol.60: pp.31-35. 1952. Including larva of Tinea granella. [P. B.]
Minkiewicz, St., "The Codling Moth Carpocapsa pomonella (Cydia Wlshm., Laspeyresia Meyr.). Morphology, development and biology" Tin Polish; English summary]. Bull. ent. Pologne, vol.19: pp.23-91, 7 pis. 1949.
Mitchell, Robert T., "Consumption of Spruce Budworms by birds in a Maine spruce-fir forest." Journ. Forestry, vol.50: pp.387-389. 1952. Lists 40 spp. whose stomachs contained Choristoneura fumiferana; estimates amount of predation by 14 spp. [P. B.]
Mitiaev, I. D., "Data on the biology of Bucculatrix ulmiella Ger." [in Russian]. Trudy Inst. Zool. Kazakhskoi SSR, vol.4: pp.218-222. 1955. [Not seen].
Moingenon, M., "Quelques remarques sur P. podalirius L." [in French]. Bull. Soc. ent. Mulhouse, 1947: pp. 19-20. Foodplant of first generation of this Papilio is Prunus mahaleb. Notes on biology. [P. B.]
Momoi, Sigeyuki, "Notes on the breeding of Papilio helenus at Yokohama (Papilionidas)" [in Japanese]. Collecting & Breeding, vol.13: pp.284-288, 2 pis., 4 tables. 1951. Foodplants: Citrus spp. [T. I.]
Morgan, Councilman, G. H. Bergold, Dan H. Moore, & Harry M. Rose, "The macromolecular paracrystalline lattice of insect viral polyhedral bodies demonstrated in ultrathin sections examined in the electron microscope." Journ. biophys. biochem. Cytol., vol.1: pp.187-190, 3 pis. 1955. Parasites of Lymantria dispar & Bombyx mori.
Morgan, Councilman, G. H. Bergold, & Harry M. Rose, "Use of serial sections to delineate the structure of Porthetria dispar virus in the electron microscope." Journ. biophys. biochem. Cytol., vol.2: pp.23-28, 3 pis. 1956.
Morley, A. M., "Catocala fraxini L.—a further note." Ent. Gaz., vol.1: pp.99-100.
1950. Rearing.
Morley, A. M., & G. H. Youden, "The first appearance of Thalera fimbrialis Scop, (Lep: Geometridge) in Kent." Ent. Gaz., vol.3: pp.193-195. 1952. Account of unsuccessful rearing, on Wild Thyme; describes larva. [P. B.]
Moucha, Josef, "Quelques remarques sur Gastropacha populifolia Esp. et Gastropacha quercifolia O." [in French]. Bull. Soc. ent. Mulhouse, 1951: pp.37-28, 1 fig.
1951. The biology of G. populifolia is described and a case of a monstrosity of the wing of G. quercifolia is recorded & figured. [J. MJ
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Moucha, Josef, "The importance of asilid-flies in the nature" [in Czech; Russian & English summaries]. Acta Rer. nat. Distr. Ostraviensis, vol.13: pp.549-553, 4 figs. 1953. Pieris rapse as prey of Laphria fimbriata, and Lycsena phlseas as prey of Machimus atricapillus. [J. M.]
Moucha, Josef, "Uber den Einfluss der Nahrung auf die Entwicklung des Schwammspinners (Lymantria dispar L.)" [in Czech; German & Russian summaries]. Acta Soc. ent. Cechoslov., vol.54: pp.73-80. 1957. About the breeding of L. dispar caterpillars on different plants. [J. MJ
Miiller, Oskar, "Biologische Studien iiber den friihen Kastanienwickler Pammene Juliana (Stephens) (Lep. Tortricidae) und seine wirtschaftliche Bedeutung fur den Kanton Tessin" [in German; English summary]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.41: pp.73-111. 1957. Biology & control; detailed description of all stages, with comparative notes on Laspeyresia splendana. [P. B.]
Miiller, Peter, "Untersuchungen iiber die Morphologie und Biologie der Raupenfliege Drino lota Meigen" [in German]. Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, vol.32: pp.3-58. 1956. Parasite of Chaerocampa elpenor, Metopsilus porcellus, & Bupalus piniarius. [P. B.]
Miiller-Kogler, E., "t)ber eine Erkrankung der Kiefernspanner-Altraupen und -Vorpuppen" [in German]. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh., vol.58: pp.404-410. 1951. Describes a new bacterial disease of Bupalus piniarius. [P. B.]
Mukerji, D., & Basanta Kumar Behura, "On the biology of Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus)." Proc. 33rd Indian Sci. Congr.: p.123. 1947. Abstract.
Mukerji, Durgadas, & Basanta Kumar Behura, "The enemies of Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus)." Journ. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc, vol.47: pp.177-178. 1947. Records of parasites. [P. B.]
Murray, Desmond, "A note on Odezia atrata L." Ent. Rec. & Journ. Var., vol.67: pp. 188-192, 1 pi. 1955. Describes all stages; foodplant Conopodium majus. [P. B.]
Murray, Desmond P., "Some notes on Philereme vetulata Scruff." Ent. Rec. & Journ. Var., vol.68: pp. 181-182. 1 pi. 1956. Describes all stages; larvae on buckthorn. [P. B.]
Murray, D. P., "The life history of Alucita galactodactyla Hiibn." Ent. Rec. & Journ. Var., vol.69: pp.231-232, 1 pi. 1957. Describes & figures all stages; food-plant Arctia lappa. [P. B.]
Murray, Desmond P., "The life history of Nymphula stagnata Donovan." Ent. Rec. & Journ. Var., vol.69: pp.29-30, 7 figs. 1957. Brief descriptions of all stages. Food-plants Potamogeton natans and other water plants. [P.B.]
Muspratt, Vera M., "A new ready-made moth trap" [in English & German]. Ent. Nachrichtenbl, Burgdorf, vol.3: pp.81-82. 1949. Gives short list of moths, mostly Noctuidae (& Tineola bisselliella!), visiting flowers of Gentiana lutea by day in Pyrenees; records larva of Axylia exoleta feeding on seed capsules. [P. B.]
Nagayama, Fumiaki, "Symbiosis of Niphanda fusca larvae (Lycaenidae) with Camponotus ants" [in Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.3, no.5: pp. 18-21, 6 figs. 1950.
Nagayama, H. [FJ, "Observations on some Lycaenidae" [in Japanese]. Insect Ecology, vol.3: p.98. 1951. Some larval habits of Celastrina argiolus ladonides, Curetis acuta par acuta, & Rapala arata are observed. [T. I.]
Nagayama, Humiaki [Fumiaki], "Life-history of Niphanda fusca Bremer et Grey (Lycaenidae)" [in Japanese; English summary]. Insect Ecology, vol.3: pp.3-18, 10 figs. 1950. Original description of the life of this remarkable ant-friend lycaenid. Larva is orally fed by ant Camponotus herculeanus japonicus by the latter's disgorging of liquid foods. Young larva feeds on the excretion of Oak Aphis, Greenidea kuwanai. [T. I.]
Nagayama, Fumiaki, "Eggs of 6 argynnids (Nymphalidae)" [in Japanese]. Chukai Sokuro, no.25: p.2, 6 figs. 1952. A. anadyomene. cydippe pallescens, sagana, paphia paphioides, laodice japonica, & ruslana. [T. I.]
Nakamura, Masanao, "Biological notes on Zizeeria maha (Lycaenidae)" [in Japanese]. Insect Ecology, vol.2: p.27. 1948.
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120 Recent Literature on Lepidoptera Vol.17: no.2
Nakamura, Masanao, "Morphological and biological notes on a fungivorous hypenid moth, Diomea cremata (Butler) in Japan (Phalaenidas)" [in Japanese; English summary]. Insect Ecology, vol.3: pp.37-42, 1 pi., 4 figs. 1950. Foodplants: Polystictus cinnabarinus & P. abietinus. [T. I.]
Nakamura, Masanao, "A food-plant of Schiffermiilleria heptalitha Meyrick (CEcophoridae)." Insect Ecology, vol.4, no.4, no.ll: p.89. 1952. Fungivorous on Merulius lacrymas. [T. I.]
Nakamura, Masanao, "Notes on the Well inch-worm on Ilex crenata Thunb.' which was recorded by Dr. T. Sasaki (1899)" [in Japanese; English summary]. Butt. & Moths (Trans, lep. Soc. Japan), vol.3: pp.11-12, 3 figs. 1953. Indentifies larva as Rhynchobapta flaviceps; describes pupa. [P. B.]
Nakamura, Shingo, "Notes on the breeding of Nymphalis xanthomelas japonica Stichel (Nymphalidas)" [in Japanese]. Collecting & Breeding, vol.13: pp.328-330, 2 figs. 1951. Foodplants: Salix spp. [T. I.]
Nakatake, Masachika, "Life history of Papilio memnon thunbergii (Papilionidae)" [in Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.5, no.6: pp.14-18, 15 figs., 1 table. 1952. Food-plants: Citrus spp. [T. I.]
Namba, Ryoji, "Descriptions of the immature stages and notes on the biology of Ithome concolorella (Chambers) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterygidas), a pest of kiawe in the Hawaiian Islands." Proc. Hawaiian ent. Soc, vol.16: pp.95-100, 7 figs. July 1956. Feeds on flowers of Prosopis chilensis & Acacia farnesiana. Descriptions include larval setal pattern. [P. B.]
Narayanan, E. S., & T. V. Venkatraman, "Technique of mass multiplication of Stenobracon deesde (Cam.) Hymenoptera: Braconidae for use against sugarcane and maize borers." Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. B, vol.36: pp.12-18, 1 pi., 6 figs. 1952. Reared on Corcyra cephalonica, whose eggs are also used, to raise Trichogramma. [P. B.]
Narayanan, E. S., & M. J. Chacko, "Superparasitism in Trichogramma evanescens minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasite of sugarcane and maize borers in India. I. Effects of superparasitism." Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B., vol.45: pp.122-128. 1957. Parasites will oviposit repeatedly in single egg, though only 1 healthy wasp can develop in each egg. Tests on eggs of Corcyra cephalonica. [P. B.]
Narayanan, E. S., & B. R. Subba Rao, "Studies in insect parasitism I-III. The effect of different hosts on the physiology, on the development and behaviour and on the sex-ratio of Microbracon gelechiae Ashmead (Hymenoptera; Braconidae)." Beitr. Ent., vol.5: pp.36-60, 6 figs. 1955. Experiments using 9 spp. of Lepidoptera as hosts. [P. B.]
Narayanan, E. S., B. R. Subba Rao, & M. Ramachandra Rao, "Hymenia recurvalis F. and its parasite complex." Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., vol.26: pp.241-246. 1957. Records 3 primary parasites, who effectiveness is reduced by attacks of 8 hyperparasites. [P. B.]
Neunzig, H. H., & George G. Gyrisco, "Some insects injurious to Birdsfoot Trefoil in New York." Journ. econ. Ent., vol.48: pp.447-450. 1955. Archips rosaceana, Sparganothis sulphurana, Tortrix pallorana, T. velutinana, Plathypena scabra recorded feeding on Lotus corniculatus. Lists 3 parasites of A. rosaceana. [P. B.]
Newman, L. Hugh, "Rearing Nymphalis antiopa in captivity." Entomologist, vol.90: pp. 106-108. 1957. Unsuccessful attempts, using sallow as foodplant. [P. B.]
Niimura, Taro, "Biological notes on butterflies (1), (2)" [in Japanese]. Collecting & Breeding, vol.9: pp.80-83, figs., 1947; vol.10: pp.370-373, 7 figs., 1948. Chiefly larval feeding habits. [T. I.]
Niimura, Taro, "Hyphantria cunea, a new pest from America (Arctiidae)" [in Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.2, no.9: pp.16-17, 4 pis.; vol.4, nos.2/3: pp:28-29. 1949, 1951.
Nininger, Harvey, "The mystery of the little brown jugs." Natural History, vol.65: pp.374-377, 7 figs. 1956. Metamorphosis of Phlegethontius.
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Nishida, Toshiyuki, "The phenomenon of arrested insect development in the Hawaiian
Islands/' Proc. Hawaiian ent. Soc, vol.15: pp.575-582. 1955. Depressaria um-
bellana, imported from England to control Ulex europseus, remained inactive in
adult stage during "winter" months. [P. B.] Nohira, Akio, "Biological notes on the early stages of Luehdorfia japonica Leech
(Papilionidae)" [in Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.3, no.3: pp. 12-15, 2 figs., 4
tables. 1950. Nohira, Akio, "Two separate emergences of the same broods of Anthersea yamamai
Guerin (Saturniidas)" [in Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.4, no.6: pp. 10-11, 1 table.
1951. Nolte, H.-W., "Parasiten der Nonne (Lymantria monacha L.) in Sachsen 1937-1941"
[in German]. Forstwiss. Zentralhl., vol.68: pp.183-188. 1949. Records 6 dipterous
& 9 hymenopterous parasites & gives notes on their biology. [P. B.] Norman, T., "Note on the larva of Amblypodia centaurus." Journ. Bombay nat.
Hist. Soc, vol.48: p.814. 1949. When larva was kept isolated from ants, death
resulted from infection with mold, beginning at honey gland opening. [P. B.] Norman, T., "Notes on the Lepidoptera of Assam I." Journ. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc,
vol.50: pp.952-953. 1952. Describes larva & pupa of Eribcea arja (foodplant
Albizzia) & Cirrochroa aoris; records Prothoe franckii regalis. [P. B.] Notley, F. B., "The Leucoptera leaf miners of coffee on Kilimanjaro. Il.-Leucoptera
caffeina Wshbn." Bull. ent. Res., vol.46: pp.899-912, 14 figs. 1956. Describes
biology; compares all stages with those of L. coffeella; records parasites. [P. B.] Nowakowski, J. T., "Mining insects of the Isle of Wolin and the Pziwnow Peninsula"
[in Polish; Russian & English summaries]. Prace Komisya biol, Poznanskie Tow.
przyj. Nauk, vol.15, no.l: 119 pp. 1955. Records 136 spp. of leaf-mining
Lepidoptera, with foodplants (18 families of micros). [P. B.] Nyholm, Tord, "Egendomlig forpuppningsplats for Exapate congelatella CI. (Lep.,
Tortr.)" [in Swedish]. Ent. Tidskr., vol.74: pp.162-163. 1953. Species pupating
in exit holes of Anobium on apple. [P. B.] Ohgushi, Ryohichi, "Ecological notes on Epiponponia nawai Dyar. a parasite of
Cicada in Japan (Epipyropidae)." Trans. Shikoku ent. Soc, vol.3: pp. 185-191,
6 figs., 2 tables. 1953. Habitat preference and morphological structure of cicada
Tanna japonensis may be key points of the host determination of E. nawai, the
author suggests. [T. I.] Okagaki, Hiromu, "Larva and pupa of Amata germana Felder" [in Japanese]. Trans.
lep. Soc Japan., vol.7: p.29, 2 figs. 1956. Figured; larva on Ligustrum ibota
var. angustifolium. [P. B.] Okano, Masao, "On (the life history of) Zygsena niphona Butler (Zygaenidae)"
[in Japanese]. Bull. Tohoku ent. Soc, vol.2: p.9, 2 figs. 1949. Okano, Masao, "On larvae and pupa? of two species of Noctuidae (=Phalsenidae)"
[in Japanese]. Kontyu, vol.18: pp. 148-149. 1950. Ramesa straminea (food:
Sasaella ramosa) & Pterostoma sinicum (food: Robinia pseudacacia). [T. I.] Okano, Masao, "Eggs of Metanastria subpurpurea Butler (Lasiocampidae)" [in
Japanese]. Insect Ecology, vol.4, no. 10: pp.25-26, 1 pi. 1952. Eggs are on the
leaves of Betula sp. [T. I.] Okano, Masao, "Notes on larva and pupa of Nygmia nipphonis Butler (Lymantriidae)"
[in Japanese]. Insect Ecology, vol.4, no. 10: pp.23-25, 1 pi. 1952. Foodplant:
Corylus het^rophylla var. (Betulacese). [T. I.] Okuno, Hiroshi, "Bionomics of Eterusia sedea virescens Butler (Zygasnidae)" [in
Japanese]. Shin Konchu, vol.5, no. 12: pp. 19-21, 5 tables. 1952. Foodplants:
various Theaceas. [T. I.] Olivier, R., "Note sur Pamphila palsemon Pallas" [in French]. Rev. franc. Lepid.,
vol.15: pp.36-37. 1955. The larva of this hesperiid probably feeds on grass
Molinia cserulea. [P. V.] Olivier, R., "Observations sur Heteropterus morpheus Pallas et ses premiers etats"
[in French]. Rev. franc. Lepid., vol.15: pp.34-36. 1955. Notes on the biology of
H. morpheus in the NW of France. The larva lives on grass Molinia cserulea, but
only in humid areas. [P. V.]
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Olivier, R., "Chloroclystis chlcerata Mabille et ses premiers etats (Geometridae)" [in
French]. Rev. franc. Lepid., vol.15: pp.74-75. "1955" [1956]. Notes on the first
stages of this geometrid. [P. V.] Ono, Sachio, "A parasite on the larva of Niphanda fusca (Lycaenidae)" [in Japanese].
New Entomologist, vol.2, nos.3/4: pp.55-56, 2 figs. 1952. Neotypus lapidator
coreensis (Ichneumonidae). [T. I.] Oord, W., "Kweek van Ectropis bistortata Goeze" [in Dutch]. Ent. Berichten, vol.15:
p.456. 1955. Rearing notes. Oord, W., "Endromis versicolora L." [in Dutch].Ent. Berichten, vol.16: p.11. 1956.
Notes on biology; photo of larva. [P. B.] Osanai, Minoru, "On the life-history of Strymon (=Strymonidea) w-album fentoni
Butler" [in Japanese; English summary]. Chuho, no.5: 12 pp., 2 pis. 1951. Food-plants Rhamnus japonica & R. dahuricap var. nipponica. [T. I.] Ossowski, L. L. J., "The Hadedah Ibis, Hagedashia hagedash hagedash (Latham)
and its relation to pest control in wattle plantations." Ann. Natal Mus., vol.12:
pp.279-290. 1952. Records 3 noctuids, 3 saturniids, and 1 tortricid, all said to
defoliate wattle, taken from stomach contents of this bird; also 4 undetermined
Pyralididae. [P. B.] Ossowski, L. L. J., "The biological control of the Wattle Bagworm (Kotochala
junodi Heyl.) by a virus disease. I. Small-scale pilot experiments." Ann. appl.
Biol., vol.45: pp.81-89, 1 fig. 1957. Describes disease; records some parasites.
[P. B.] Ovington, J. D., & G. Scurfield, "Biological flora of the British Isles. Holcus mollis
L." Journ. Ecol., vol.44: pp.272-280, 2 figs. 1956. Records five species of
Elachista mining in leaves. [P. B.] Owen, D. F., "Larvae of Deilephila elpenor." Ent. Rec. & Journ. Var., vol.64: pp.20-21.
1952. Apparent effect of crowding in producing dark larvae; reluctance of jays
to eat larvae with "eye" markings visible. [P. B.] Owen, D. F., "Habitat selection in Argynnis aglaia (L.) and A. cydippe (L.) in
the British Isles." Entomologist, vol. 86: pp. 128-129. 1953. Suggests that these spp.
compete & replace each other ecologically; where both occur, former is found in
open country & latter in woods, but north of range of A. cydippe, A. aglaia also
occurs in woods. [P. B.] Owen, D. F., "The habitats of Pararge segeria L. in southern England." Ent. Rec. &
Journ. Var., vol.65: pp. 129-130. 1953. Woodland butterfly spreading into open
areas. [P. B.] Owen, D. F., "Habitat selection in Pararge segeria (L.) (Lep., Satyridae) in S. W.
France." Entomologist, vol.87: pp. 1-2. 1954. Attempt to correlate color & habitat;
the brown French race flies in open country, the light-and-dark-marked British
race was confined until recently to woodlands. [P. B.] Pack, Jifi, "K boji proti pfastcvniku Hyphantria cunea" [in Czech]. Ochrana Rostlin,
vol.21: pp. 160-163. 1948. About some methods of mechanical, chemical, and
biological control of H. cunea. [J. M.] Paclt, Jifi, "Krankheiten und Schadlinge der Paulownia" [in Slovak; Russian &
German summaries]. Biol. Sbornik, vol.7: pp.55-59. 1952. Insect pests and diseases
of Paulownia spp. in Czechoslovakia. Some Lepidoptera are mentioned: Apatele
rumicis and Acherontia atropos. [J. M.] Paclt, Jifi, "Pests of the genus Catalpa." Biol. Jaarboek, vol.19: pp.60-73, 4 pis.
1952. Records, from Catalpa spp., Hyphantria cunea, Hyblsea puera, Apatele
rumicis (new record), Ceratomia catalpse, Acherontia atropos; lists some parasites
of H. cunea and C. catalpse. [P. B.] Paclt, Jifi, & Rudolf Schwarz, "Sind die Raupen der Hyphantria cunea (Insecta,
Lepidoptera) im Stande Cellulose zu verdauen?" [in Slovak; Russian & German
summaries]. Biol. Sbornik, vol.7: pp. 143-149, 4 figs. 1952. Discusses the polyphagy
of H. cunea larvae. Some examples of destruction of paper are given, [J. M.] Paramonow, S., "Hauptschadlinge der Olkulturen der Ukraine" [in German].
Zeitschr angew. Ent., vol.35: pp.63-81. 1953. Biology of Homceosoma nebulellum
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on Helianthus annuus; Etiella zinckenella on Glycine hispida; Phalonia epilinana & Chloridea dipsacea on Linum usitasissimum; Plutella maculipennis on various oil-producing plants. [P. B.]
Pardi, L., "Abraxas pantharia (L.) defoliatrice del frassino" [in Italian]. Mem. Soc. toscana Sci. nat., ser. B, vol.55: pp. 157-160. 1948. Outbreak of this geometrid on Fraxinus excelsior. [P. B.]
Parmenter, L., "Some records of bred Tachinidas." Ent. Rec. & Journ. War, vol.65: pp.29-31. 1953. List of 20 British spp., with their hosts, mostly Lepidoptera; some new records. [P. B.]
Parmenter, L., "Amblyjoppa proteus Christ (Hym.. Ichneumonidae) bred from Deilephila elpenor L. (Lep., Sphingidae)." Ent. mo. Mag., vol.91: p.310. "1955" [19561.
Parsons, R. E., "Early stages of the butterfly Delias aglaia Linn." Journ. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc, vol.47: pp.556-557. 1948. Describes pupa; notes on larva. Food-plant Loranthus sp. [P. B.]
Patel, G. A., R. R. Savoor, & A. C. Basu, "Some aspects of study in the life history of insects." Science & Culture, vol.15: pp.57-58. 1949. Gives data on duration of early stages of Plutella maculipennis. [P. B.]
Patel, R. C, & H. L. Kulkarny, "Bionomics of the Pumpkin Caterpillar—Margaronia indica Saund. (Pyralidas: Lepidoptera)." Journ. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc, vol.54: pp.118-127, 2 127, 2 pis. 1956. Describes all stages & life cycle; records 17 foodplants. [P. B.]
Patocka, Jan, "Raupen, die an Pappelblatter Schaden verursachen" [in Czech; Russian & German summaries]. Prdce Vyzk. tjstami Lesnickych CSR, vol.5: pp.165-282, 44 pis. 1954. Very important study of the caterpillars living on Populus spp. in Central Europe; with keys for determination of all spp. [J. M.]
Patocka, Jan, "Bemerkungen liber die Motte Cerostoma coriacellum an der Tanne" [in Slovak; Russian & German summaries]. Biologia, Bratislava, vol.10: pp.361-367, 9 figs. 1955. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cerostoma with description of larva and pupa of C. coriacellum. [J. M.]
Patocka, Jan, "Zur Frage der tTberwinterung der an Eichen schadlichen Schmetter-linge und der Kontrolle der Eichenwickler mit Hilfe der iiberwinterten Eier" [in Czech; Russian & German summaries]. Lesnicky Casopis, vol.1: pp.17-42, 16 figs. 1955. Ecological study about the harmful Lepidoptera from Slovakian forests. [J. MJ
Patocka, Jan, "Die Motte Tachyptilia disquei Meess—ein Schadling an Quercus cerris in der Slowakei" [in Czech; German & Russian summaries]. Folia zoologica, vol.5: pp. 111-120, 8 figs. 1956. Describes biology & gives data on economic importance of the sp. [J. MJ
Paulian, Patrice, "Notes biologiques sur le Pringleophaga kerguelenensis End." [in French]. Rev. franc. Ent., vol.20: pp.45-47. 1953. Notes on biology; reared on Pringlea & Accena. [P. B.]
Peakall, D. B., "Some notes on the Red-spotted Bluethroat." Brit. Birds, vol.49: pp. 135-139, 1 fig. 1956. Larvae of Oporinia autumnata fed to young birds, in Lapland. [P. B.]
Peterson, G. D., jr., "Biological control of the European Corn Borer on Guam." Journ. econ. Ent., vol.48: pp.683-685. "1955" [1956]. Pyrausta nubilalis was first recorded in Guam in 1911. Several parasites were introduced; Lydella stabulans grisescens became established and kept the borers down for many years. About 1950 the borer again became abundant, and Lydella was scarce. Further introductions of this and other spp. in 1952 and 1954 were not able to become established. The reason for the disappearance of Lydella is not known. [W. C]
Pfeffer, Antonin, "Les insectes comme composants de la biocenose du sapin pectine [in Czech; Russian & French summaries]. Acta Soc ent. Cechoslovenide, vol.52: pp.77-92. 1956. Gives a survey of all insects living in the immature stages on Abies alba. Lists 32 spp. of Lepidoptera, of which 6 spp. are pests. [J. M.]
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124 Recent Literature on Lepidoptera Vol.17: no.2
Pinker. Rudolf, "Beschreibung der Raupen einiger pontischer und mediterraner Heteroceren" Lin German]. Zeitschr. wiener e,nt. Ges., vol.41: pp.265-270, 1 pi., 6 figs. 1956. Describes larvae of Agrochola wolfschlageri, A. thurneri. A. lectiflora, A. meridionalis, Orrhodiella ragusoe, & Calostigia wolfschldgerse; color photos of all except A. meridionalis. [P. B.]
Pinker, Rudolf, "Lebensraum und Verhalten von Euchloe charlonia Donz. in Mazedonien" [in German]. Zeitschr. wiener ent. Ges., vol.42: pp.81-85, 1 pi., 2 figs. 1957. Describes habitat & biology; foodplant Mattiola thessalo. [P. B.]
Popendiker, Kurt, "Die in Vogelnestem lebenden Insekten unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der als Haus-und Vorratsschadlinge auftretende Arten" [in German]. Mitt, hamburg. zool. Mus. Inst., vol.54: pp.49-127, 12 figs. 1956. Survey of biology of insects in birds' nests; 12 Lepidoptera included (Tineidae, QEcophoridae, Pyralidae, Acidalia virgularia). [P. B.]
Postans, A. T., "Hibernation of Plusia jestucse L." Ent. Rec. & Journ. Var., vol.65: pp.294-295. 1953. Hibernates as young larva. [P. B.]
Postner, M., "Schadigung von Nadelholzjungpflanzen durch Raupen von Cnephasia incertana Tr. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)" [in German]. Forstwiss. Zentralbl., vol.75: pp.563-567, 3 figs. 1956. Describes & figures stages except egg; pest of young conifers. [P. B.]
Povolny, Dalibor, "Zur Bionomie der Riibenmotte Gnorimoschema ocellatellum Boyd in der Tschechoslowakei" [in Czech; Russian & German summaries]. Folia Zool. Ent., vol.4: pp.281-188. 1955. Describes the bionomy of G. ocellatellum in Southern Slovakia; corrects the mistaken views of Drachovska, published in agricultural periodicals. [J. M.]
Prebble, M. L., & R. F. Morris, "The Spruce Budworm problem." Forestry Chron., vol.27: pp.14-22. 1951. Review of biology of Choristoneura fumijerana with reference to outbreaks and their control. [P. B.]
Prevett, P. F., "Fauna of a dead pheasant in London, S. E. 27." Ent. mo. Mag., vol.90: p.3. 1954. Including Tinea pellionella & Hoffmannophila pseudospretella. [P. B.]
Pfihoda, Antonin, "Trichoptilus paludum Zell. a rare butterfly feeding on Drosera" [in Czech; Russian & English summaries]. Ochrana Prirody, vol.5: pp.34-36, 4 figs. 1950. Short article on the biology of this moth, recorded in Bohemia by Zimmerman in 1943. [J. M.]
Proctor, M. C. F., "Biological flora of the British Isles. Helianthemum Mill." Journ. Ecol., vol.44: pp.675-692, 4 figs. 1956. Lepidoptera recorded on this foodplant are: Plebejus argus csernensis, Aricia agestis, Procris geryon, Sterrha dilutaria, Xenolechia sequax, Mesophleps silacella, Mompha miscella, Scythris fuscosenea, S. fletcherella, S. falacella, & Coleophora ochrea. [P. B.]
Priiffer, Jan, "Some observations concerning Zophodia convolutella Hb. (Lep.)" [in Polish; English summary]. Bull. ent. Pologne, vol.18: pp.24-30, 1 pi. 1948. Describes the life history of this sp., in Wilno. Figured are some moths & cocoons. [J. M.]
Puchta, Otto, & Hans Wille, "Ein parasitisches Bakterium im Mitteldarmepithel vqq Solenobia triquetrella F. R. (Lepid., Psychidas)" [in German]. Zeitschr. Parasitenk*, vol.17: pp.400-418, 9 figs. 1956. Study of a bacterium from the midgut of larvas of this psychid. Describes digestive tract of larva. [P. B.]
Puttarudriah, M., & G. P. Basavanna, "A study on the identity of Bracon hebetor Say and Bracon brevicornis Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidag)." Bull. ent. Res., vol.47: pp. 183-191. 1956. Lists lepidopterous hosts. Parasites conspecific. [P. B.]
Quednau, Wolfgang, "Der Wert des physiologischen Elxperimentes fur die Artsystematik von Trichogramma (Hym. Chalcididae)" [in German]. Bericht iiber die Hundertjahrfeier der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, Berlin: pp.87-92, 5 figs. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 1957. Biological data indicate distinctness of 5 superficially indistinguishable spp. of egg parasites of Lepidoptera; all will lay in Barathra eggs, but 2 avoid eggs of Galleria and 3 avoid eggs of Pieris. [P. B.]
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Rabb, R. L., & F. R. Lawson, "Some factors influencing the predation of Polistes
wasps on the Tabacco Hornworm, Protoparce sexta (Johan.)." Bull. ent. Soc.
Amer., vol.3: pp.26-27. 1957. Abstract. Radcliffe, D. N., "An appraisal of seed damage by the Douglas Fir Cone Moth, in
British Columbia/' Forestry Chron., vol.28, no.2: pp. 19-24. 1952. Barbara colfaxiana
(Eucosminae). Raizenne, Henri, Forest Lepidoptera of southern Ontario and their parasites, received
and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1907 to 1948.
277 pp., 1 map. Ottawa: Dept. Agric, Canada. 1952. Records of some 450 spp.,
giving foodplants, parasites, months when collected, & local distribution. [P. B.] Rayment, T., "Butterflies on mud." Victorian Nat., vol.70: p. 176. Jan. 1954. Reports
large concentrations of the butterfly Danaida archippus (Danaus plexippus) in
the Mt. Lofty Range, South Australia. [I. C] Razowski, J., "Notes on biology of Caccecia podana Scop. (Tortricidas)" [in Polish;
English summary]. Bull. ent. Pologne, vol.25: pp.73-74, 3 figs. 1956. Reid, E. T. M., "Insect diet of the Buff-backed Heron or Tick-bird (Bubulcus ibis
(Linn.)) (Ardeidae) in the southern Sudan." Ent. mo. Mag., vol.91: pp.169-173.
1955. Stomach contents included larval & adult Lepidoptera, not determined
below family. [P. B.] Reiff, M., "Untersuchungen zum Lebenszyklus der Frostspanner Cheimatobia
(Operophthera) brumata L. und Hibernia defoliaria CI." [in German]. Mitt.
Schweiz. ent. Ges., vol.26: pp. 129-144, 4 figs. 1953. In these spp., which have
wingless $ $ & are therefore sedentary, local races differing in innate physiological
adaptations to local climates have developed. Exogenous & endogenous elements
controlling life cycle are described. [P. B.] Remington, Charles L., "The biology of nearctic Lepidoptera. I. Foodplants and
life histories of Colorado Papilionoidea." Psyche, vol.59: pp.61-70. 1952. Foodplant
& oviposition records for 11 spp. (Papilionidas, Pieridae, Satyridae, Nymphalidae).
[P. B.] Remington, Charles L., "The biology of nearctic Lepidoptera. II. Foodplant and
pupa of Hemiargus isolus." Psyche, vol.59: pp.128-130. "1952" [1953]. Describes
pupa; foodplant Prosopis juliflora. [P. B.] Riabov, M. M., "Tipy povedeniya imaginal 'noy fasy podgryzayustshikh sovok" [in
Russian; Types of behavior of the imaginal stage of some cutworms]. Ent.
Obozrenie, vol.32: pp. 167-175. 1952. Corresponding to observations in Caucasus,
divides agrotids into three groups, using the time of sexual puberty and feeding
as a base. Describes biology, flight, copulation, imaginal diapause, aphagy, &
nuptial flight of males. EN. O.] Ritchie, J. C, "Biological flora of the British Isles. Vaccinium myrtillus L." Journ.
Ecol, vol.44: pp.291-299, 3 figs. 1956. Records 20 Lepidoptera (Noctuidae,
Geometridae, Lymantriidae, Tortricidas, Eucosmidse, Coleophoridae, Stigmellidas)
feeding on this plant. [P. B.] Robertson, Phyllis L., "Eupteromalus sp. as a hyperparasite. Some indication of its
influence on the establishment of Angitia cerophaga in New Zealand." N. Z. Journ.
Sci. Tech., Sect. B, vol.29: pp.257-265. 1948. Attacks various parasites of Pieris
rapse & Plutella maculipennis. [P. B.] Roediger, Heinz, "Untersuchungen uber den Rindenwickler Enarmonia woeberiana
Schiff. (Lepid. Tortr.)" [in German]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.38: pp.295-321,
19 figs. 1956. Describes adults (including external & internal genitalia) & early
stages, in considerable detail, biology of all stages, & control measures. Gives
synonymy. Moth attacks Prunus spp. & other fruit trees & occurs throughout the
Palearctic region. 4 parasites are recorded. [P. B.] Roegner-Aust, Sophia, "Der Infektionsweg bei der Polyederepidemie der Nonne"
[in German]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.31: pp.3-37, 5 figs. 1949. Concludes,
from studies on Lymantria monacha and Bombyx mori, that the polyhedral virus
disease which helps to control the former is transmitted through the egg. [P. B.l
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126 Recent Literature on Lepidoptera Vol.17: no.2
Roegner-Aust, Sophia, "Populationsanalytische Untersuchungen iiber die Sterblichkeit van Nonnenraupen" [in German]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.31: pp. 181-207, 5 figs. 1949. Study of numerous populations of Lymantria monacha with regard to health of larvae; points out strong differences between populations, and within same population at different times, in frequency of infectious diseases. [P. B.]
Roehrich, R., "Le parasitisme naturel de la tordeuse du pecher (Laspeyresia molesta Busck) dans le Sud-Ouest de la France (Lep. Olethreutidae)" [in French]. Bull. Soc. ent. France, vol.59: pp.14-16. 1954. Records 10 parasites (9 attacking larva); all are rare, and no native parasite seems to seems to have adapted to this species in SW France. [P. B.]
Roer, H., "Tagschmetterlinge als Vorzugsnahrung einiger Singvogel" [in German]. Journ. Ornithol., vol.98: pp.416-420. 1957. Passer montanus & other birds feeding on Pieris hrassicse; at least 10% of individuals released in one experiment on migration were eaten. [P. B.]
Ronniger, Hermann, "tiber Coleophora (Eupista) flaviella Mann. Eine weitere Mitteilung" [in German]. Zeitschr. wiener ent. Ges., vol.40: pp.149-150. 1955. Notes on biology; larva on seeds of Coronilla coronata, overwintering twice before emergence. [P. B.]
Roonwal, M. L., "Structure of egg-masses and their hairs in some species of Lymantria of importance to forestry (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)." Indian Forester, vol.80: pp.553-559, 1 pi., 5 figs. 1954. Describes & figures both; distinguishes L. mathura, L. obfuscata, & L. dispar on structure of hair (from $ anal tuft) covering egg mass. [P. B.]
van Rossem, G., "Verslag over het optreden van enige schadelijke insecten in het jaar 1953" [in Dutch; English summary]. Ent. Berichten, vol.15: pp.246-252.
1954. Report on economically important insects. [P. B.]
van Rossem, G., "Verslag over het optreden van enige schadelijke insecten in het
jaar 1954" [in Dutch; English summary]. Ent. Berichten, vol.15: pp.360-365.
1955. Includes record of Tinea pallescentella breeding in enchytraeid worm culture. [P. B.]
van Rossem, G., "Verslag over het optreden van enige schadelijke insecten in het jaar 1956" [in Dutch; English summary]. Ent. Berichten, vol.17: pp.57-62. 1957.
Rost, Helmut, "tJber das Geschlecht der Puppen des Seidenspinners in Doppelkokons" [in German]. Wiss. Zeitschr. Univ. Jena, vol.2: pp.13-16, 4 figs. "1952/53". Double cocoons of Bombyx mori contain an excess of $ 9 over expectation. [P. B.]
Rougeot, P. C., "Des attacides buveurs: les Epiphora africains" [in French]. Rev. franc. Lepid., vol.16: pp.6-9. 1957. A classic character of the family Attacidae is: proboscis reduced or absent; the author has observed in Gaboon (French Equatorial Africa) a genus of saturniids, Epiphora, that absorb water by the proboscis and eject it by the anus like some papilionids, pierids, nymphalids, & lycaenids. It is a very interesting observation. [P. V.]
Rougeot, P. C., "Les premiers etats de Pseudobunsea cleopatra Auriv. (Lepid. Attacidae)" [in French]. Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon, vol.26: pp.108-109. 1957. Larval first stages of P. cleopatra in French Equatorial Africa (Gaboon). [P. V.]
Rudolf, Paul O., "Red Pine and the European Pine-shoot Moth in southern Michigan." Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett., vol.35: pp.61-67, 1 pi., 1 map. 1951. Biology & control of Rhyacionia buoliana. [P. B.]
Ruttiman, Marcel, "Eine ex ovo Zucht von Anthersea mylitta Fabricius" [in German]. Ent. Nachrichtenbl, Burgdorf, vol.3: pp. 1-3. 1949. Describes rearing, on oak. [P. B.]
de Ruiter, L., "Some experiments on the camouflage of stick caterpillars" [in English; German summary]. Behaviour, vol.4: pp.222-232, 4 figs. 1952. In experiments with jays & chaffinches as predators, effectiveness of resemblance of some geometrid larvae to twigs is demonstrated. Larvae are confused by birds only with twigs of their own foodplants. Birds hunt larvae actively only when stimulated by finding one accidentally and lose interest in hunting after testing a series of "twigs" and finding them all wood. [P. B.]
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de Ruiter, L., "Countershading in caterpillars. An analysis of its adaptive significance" [in English; German summary]. Arch. need. Zool, vol.11: pp.285-341, 4 pis., 7 figs. 1956. Shows that countershaded larvae turn their darkest surface toward light in natural conditions; this reduced their visibility by cancelling greater brightness of illuminated surface. In experiments with jays as predators, larvae with countershading painted out or made useless by abnormal positions were caught with greater frequency than normally colored larvae in normal positions. Perception of shading of solid objects by jays was demonstrated experimentally. Evidence indicates that countershading is of value in concealing larvae from predators. [P. B.]
Rungs, Ch., "Contribution a la connaissance des ennemis de l'arganier" [in French]. Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc, vol.32: pp.61-76. 1953. Ephestia cautella & Myelois ceratonise feed on nuts; Taragama repanda & T. regraguii probably feed on foliage. [P. B.]
Ruwet, M., "A propos d'un elevage de Eriogaster lanestris Linne" [in French]. Lamhillionea, vol.56: p.34. 1956. Note on breeding of the lasiocampid E. lanestris. [P. V.]
Ryszka, Hans, "Die Zucht von Perigrapha 1-cinctum Schiff." [in German]. Ent. Nachrichtenbl, Burgdorf, vol.3: pp.73-75. 1949. Describes rearing, on Convolvulus arvensis & Tussilago jar jar a. [P. B.]
Sakaguti, Kohei, & Haruo Fukuda, "Hebemoia glaucippe on Satamisaki, the southernmost part of Kyusyu" [in Japanese; English summary]. Trans, lep. Soc. Japan, vol.7: pp.4-5, 1 pi. 1956. Northernmost locality for this tropical pierid. Color photographs of adult & early stages; foodplant Cratseva religiosa. [P. B.]
Sakakibara, Shigeru, "Life-history of Favonius orientalis Murray (Lycaenidae)" [in Japanese]. Collecting & Breeding, vol.12: pp.221-222, 2 figs. 1950. Foodplants: Quercus spp. [T. I.]
Sala, Frank, "Life history notes on Palada scarletina Smith/7 Bull. Southern Calij. Acad. Set., vol.54: pp.151-155, 5 figs. 1956. Describes & figures mature larva & pupa; notes on distribution & phenology (dependent on flowering of the food-plants, Stephanomeria spp.). [P. B.]
Sala, Frank P., & Charles L. Hogue, "Descriptions of the early stages and male imago and notes on the life history of Saturnia walterorum (Saturniidae)." Lepid. News, vol.12: pp.17-25, 18 figs. 1958.
Salmon, J. T., "Vegetable caterpillars." Tuatara, vol.4: pp. 1-3. 1951. Records the fungus Cordiceps robertsii attacking ground-tunnelling larvae of Porina signata, P. enysii, & Hepialus virescens (Hepialidae). [I. C]
Salmond, K. F., "The insect and mite fauna of a Scottish flour mill." Bull. ent. Res., vol.47: pp.621-630. 1956. Records 6 Lepidoptera (Noctuidas, Pyralididae, (Ecophoridae, Tineidae). [P. B.]
Salt, G., "Experimental studies in insect parasitism. X. The reactions of some endopterygote insects to an alien parasite." Proc. Roy. Soc. London (B), vol.147: pp. 167-184, 2 pis. 1957. Larvae & pupae of Diataraxia oleracea form cysts around injected eggs of the ichneumonid Nemeritis canescens; in adults encystment does not take place and parasites develop normally. [P. B.]
de Santis, Mateo A., "Lagarta rosada Platyedra gossypiella en capsulas de palo borracho" [in Spanish]. Rev. Invest, agric, vol.1: pp.287-290, 2 figs. 1947. New foodplant record: Chorisia spp. New record for Argentina. [P. B.]
Sarlet, L., "Iconographie des oeufs de lepidopteres (faune de la Belgique) (suite)" [in French]. Lamhillionea, vol.54: pp.45-49. 1954. Descriptions of eggs of Pieris rapse, Pontia daplidice, Anthocaris cardamines. [P. B.]
Sarlet, L., "Iconographie des oeufs de lepidopteres (faune de la Belgique)" [in French]. Lamhillionea, vol.55: pp.59-64, 67-77, 1 pi.; pp.94-96. 1955. Iconography of eggs of Lepidoptera of Belgium: Nymphalidae, subfamilies Melitaeinae and Argynninae. [P. V.]
Sarlet, L., "Iconographie des oeufs de lepidopteres (faune de la Belgique) (suite)" [in French]. Lamhillionea, vol.55: pp.94-97; vol.56: pp.6-7, 35-36. 1955, 1956. Describes eggs of Brenthis aquilonaris, B. dia, Argynnis ino, & A. lathonia. [P. B.]
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Sarlet, L., "Iconographie des oeufs de lepidopteres (faune de la Belgique) (suite)" [in French]. Lambillionea, vol.56: pp.43-48. 1956. Notes on the eggs of Argynnis niobe, A. adippe, & A. paphia (all experimental laying). [P. V.]
Sarlet, L., "Iconographie des oeufs de lepidopteres (faune de la Belgique) (suite)" [in French]. Lambillionea, vol.56: pp.68-76, 93-101. 1956. Iconography of the eggs of Brenthis daphne, Limenitis Camilla, Vanessa atalanta, Nymphalis antiopa, N. io, Erebia medusa brigobanna, E. sethiops peneplana, E. ligea carthusianorum, & Agapetes galathea, [P. V.]
Sarlet, L., "Iconographie des oeufs des lepidopteres" [in French]. Lambillionea, vol.57: pp. 11-27. 1957. Iconography of eggs of Hipparchia fagi, H. semele, Satyrus bryce, Brintesia circe, Aphantopus hyperanthus, Maniola jurtina, Pyronia tithonus, Pararge egeria vulgaris, Lasiommata megera, L. msera adrasta (all Satyridae). [P. V.]
Sauter, W.. "Zur Biologie des Gabelschwanzes, Dicranura vinula L. (Lep. Notodontidae)" [in German]. Mitt, thurgauische naturf. Ges., vol.34: pp.33-38. 1947. Describes early stages, rearing, phenology, & habits of adult. [P. B.]
Sauvaut, Andre, & Keutgens, "Insectes recoltes sur le cotonnier et autres plantes en Cote d'lvoire" [in French]. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse, vol.84: pp.22-24. 1949. Lists 10 spp. (Noctuidae, Arctiidae, Pyralidae, Tineidae, Gelechiidae) feeding on cotton plant. [P. B.]
Schatz, Willi, "Beobachtungen an Psyche viciella Schiff. (Lep. Psychidae)" [in German]. Nachrichtenbl. bayer. Ent., vol.4: pp.102-104, 107, 109, 118-119. 1955. Details of biology of all stages. Case of facultative parthenogenesis reported. [P. B.]
Schedl, Karl E., "Der Kiefemspinner an Fichte" [in German]. Allg. forst.- und holzwirtsch. Zeitung, vol.60: p.29. 1949. Bupalus piniarius larvae common in pure spruce stands; usual foodplant pine. [P. B.]
Schiebe, A., "Die phanophasisch bedingte Typenresistenz der Erbsensorten gegen den Erbsenwickler (Grapholitha nigricana Steph., =zLaspeyresia (Cydia) nigricana Steph.)" [in German]. Phytopathol. Zeitschr., vol.21: pp.433-448, 5 figs. 1954. Races of Pisum with short flowering period which precedes flight period of moth are subject to least attack. [P. B.]
Schimitschek, Erwin, "Durch Polyederkrankheit im Ei abgestorbene Nonnenraupen" [in German]. Osterreichs Forst- und Holzwirtsch., vol.4: p.55. 1949. Virus disease of Lymantria monacha eggs. [P. B.]
Schimitschek, Erwin, "Forstentomologische Studien im Urwald Rotwald" [in German]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.34: pp.178-215, 513-542, 18 figs. 1952; 1953. Includes notes on biology of Scardia tessulatella, on conifers; Borkhausenia similella, on dead fruiting bodies of Fomes and Gonoderma. [P. B.]
Schimitschek, Erwin, "Boarmia bistortata Goeze als Larchenschadling" [in German; English summary]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.40: pp.37-51, 16 figs. 1957. Study of outbreak in larch stand. Describes early stages, with notes on biology; records parasites. LP. B.]
Schmidt, H., "Cossus cossus L." [in German]. Holz als Boh- und Werkstoffe, vol.9: pp.473-474, 4 figs. 1951. Biology & identification. [P. B.]
Schneider, F., "Auftreten und Bekampfung einiger Obstschadlinge in Syrien" [in German; Engjish summary]. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh., vol.64: pp.613-619. 6 figs. 1957. Includes notes on biology of Carpocapsa pomonella in Syria. [P. B.]
Schneiders, Hildegard, "Das Schlupfen des Falters von Aporia crataegi L. aus der Puppe" [in German]. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrankh., vol.62: pp.561-563, 10 figs. 1955. Excellent series of photos of emerging adult. [P. B.]
Schutte, Friedrich, "Untersuchungert iiber die Populationsdynamik des Eichenwicklers (Tortrix virida^na L.)" [in German; English summary]. Zeitschr. angew. Ent., vol.40: pp. 1-36, 285-331, 45 figs. 1957. Study of economic biology. Factors affecting population size are analyzed. Coincidence of larval emergence with opening of oak leaf buds is most favorable for larval development. Various predators, including larvae of Epinotia corticana, and parasites recorded. [P. B.]
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