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1962
Journal of the Lepidopterists Society
175
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EANA,
WITH A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE GENUS, AND
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES (TORTRICID^E)
by Nicholas S. Obraztsov
Two of the Tortricidse species, argentana Clerck and osseana Scopoli, usually treated in the American literature as members of the genus Cnephasia Curtis, belong, in accordance with new data, to the genus Eana Billberg. This Holarctic genus includes a total of 35 species (Obraztsov, 1955, 1956; Razowski, 1958, 1959a, 1959b, 1961). Of these 33 are the Palearctic species; the remaining two, the above-mentioned argentana and osseana, have a Pan-Holarctic range. In addition to this number, two more North American species are described as new in the present paper. These two species have to be regarded as obviously endemical of the Nearctic fauna.
The genus Eana has already been clearly defined in the recent literature, and there is no reason to return to this problem in the present paper. The new data, accumulated in the papers of Razowski, give a chance to improve the subgeneric classification of this genus. The present author is satisfied in having the opportunity to list all known Eana species in accordance with this new classification, and to review in detail the North American species of this genus.
The work for this paper was done under the auspices of the National Science Foundation.
Key to the Subgenera
1. Uncus distinctly differentiated into a narrow, oblong apical portion, and a strongly dilated, well separated base with flat
"shoulders" on top of tegumen ................................................
........................................................................ Subgenus Eana Billberg
Uncus more or less coniform, or with a base forming oblique "shoulders" on top of tegumen .................................................... 2
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2. Uncus slender in apical portion, and with oblique "shoulders" on top of tegumen; gnathos simple; aedceagus with a large, triangular thorn, resting near its distal end. Sterigma broad, with posterior angles directed caudad; antrum broadly tubular .................................................................... Subgenus Ablabia Hiibner
Uncus more or less coniform, gradually dilated basad; gnathos with a middle process; aedceagus smooth. Sterigma rather narrow, with posterior angles directed laterad or slightly
cephalad; antrum infundibuliform.............................................
........................................................ Subgenus Subeana, new subgenus
List of the Holarctic Eana Species
The present list is merely a systematic index of the known Eana species, and does not include any original citations and the synonymy of the species already reviewed by Obraztsov (1956) and Razowski (1959a). The above papers of these authors are indicated in the list as "O." and "R.", respectively.
Subgenus Ablabia Hiibner, 1825 Type: Vhalsena osseana Scopoli, 1763.
The characters of this subgenus are as described in the above key. A detailed review of the North American species is given in this paper.
argentana Clerck, 1759
subspecies argentana Clerck, 1759 (O., p. 120; R., p. 274) — Palearctic
region; India; North America. subspecies plumbeana Kennel, 1910 (O., p. 120)—Northeastern
Asia. subspecies colossa Caradja, 1916 (O., p. 120) —Central Asia. subargentana, new species
Described in this paper — North America. osseana Scopoli, 1763
subspecies osseana Scopoli, 1763 (O., p. 120; R., p. 275) — Palearctic region; North America.
form impunctana Strand, 1901 (O., p. 120; R., p. 275) — Palearctic region; North America. subspecies darvaza Obraztsov, 1943 (O., p. 120) —Pamir. subspecies niveosana Packard, 1866 (O., p. 120) —Boreal America. idahoensis, new species
Described in this paper — North America.
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Subgenus SUBEANA Obraztsov, new subgenus Type: Sciaphila canescana Guenee, 1845.
Male: Uncus more or less coniform, gradually dilated basad; gnathos with a middle process. ^Edceagus smooth.
Female: Sterigma rather narrow, with posterior angles directed laterad or slightly cephalad. Antrum infundibuliform.
Remarks: Razowski (1959a) treated the species of this subgenus as "Group 1" of his broadly interpreted subgenus Eana.
rielana Real, 1951 (O., p. 121; R., p. 278) - Southern France. hungarise Razowski, 1958 (R., p. 279) —Hungary. canescana Guenee, 1845 (O., p. 120; R., p. 279) —Europe. form montserrati Real, 1953 (O., p. 121; R., p. 280). form candidana Laharpe, 1858 (O., p. 121; R., p. 280). form venansoni Real, 1953 (O., p. 121; R., p. 280). filipjevi Real, 1953 (=pyrenaica Toll, 1954; livonica Real, 1953, in part) (O., p. 121, 122; R., p. 280, 282, 288) -Southwestern France.
Subgenus Eana Billberg, 1821 Type: Tortrix penziana Thunberg & Becklin, 1791.
The characters of this subgenus are as described in the key.
Remarks: Razowski (1959a) distributed the species of this subgenus among two groups of his broadly interpreted subgenus Eana. As "Group 2" he treated the species related to nervana Joannis. He characterised them as having a short sacculus, terminated with a minute, separate tip, and an aedceagus bearing a small, knob-like terminal thorn. Moreover, he found the antrum of the females as being less sclerotized, with the sclerotization occupying a small area. As "Group 3" Razowski treated the remaining species which did not have the above-mentioned characters. The present author cannot agree with this group distribution of the species, because he finds their characters insufficient for a distinct separation of one group from the other. And really, in derivana Laharpe (a member of Razowski's "Group 3") the length of the sacculus occupies an intermediate position between the two groups. The sclerotization of the antrum is rather variable in the "Group 3", and in many cases practically cannot be distinguished from that in the "Group 2." The only distinction between these two groups consists merely of the presence of a terminal thorn on the tip of the aedceagus in the "Group 2," but this character is hardly adequate to justify a subgeneric separation of the species having it. Furthermore, some species of the "Group 3"
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also have some sculpture on the aedceagus, although it is present on the lateral surface of the asdceagus, remote from its tip.
nervana Joannis, 1908 (O., p. 123; R.? p. 283) — Southern France; Spain.
form subnervanu Razowski, 1956 (R., p. 283). italica Obraztsov, 1950 (O., p. 122; R., p. 284) -Italy; Macedonia. maroccana Filipjev, 1935 (O., p. 123; R., p. 283; Razowski, 1956, p. 206,
figs. 3, 4; pi. 20, figs. 1, 2) —Morocco; Greece; Italy. cottiana Chretien, 1898
subspecies cottiana Chretien, 1898 (O., p. 123; R., p. 285) —Southeastern France; Switzerland. form buvati Real, 1953 (O., p. 123; R., p. 285). subspecies pyrensea Real, 1953 (O., p. 123; R., p. 286) —Southern France. rastrata Meyrick, 1910 (O, p. 122; R., p. 302; Clarke, 1958, p. 88, pi. 44,
figs. 3-3b) —Switzerland. schonmanni Razowski, 1959 (p. 85, fig. 7; pi. 3, fig. 6) —Morocco. kuldjaensis Razowski, 1959 — Central Asia. penziana Thunberg & Becklin, 1791
subspecies penziana Thunberg & Becklin, 1791 (O., p. 122; R., p. 287) — Palearctic region.
form bellana Curtis, 1826 (O., p. 122; R., p. 287). form alpestris Real,, 1953 (O., p. 122; R., p. 288). form amseli Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 288). subspecies (Pform) colquhounana Barrett, 1884 (O., p. 123; R.,
p. 288) —British Islands; Eastern Europe. subspecies fiorana Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 289) —Italy. viridescens Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 290) —Northern Caucasus. incanana Stephens, 1852 (O., p. 121; R., p. 291) —Europe. infmcata Real, 1953 (O, p. 121; R., p. 292; Razowski, 1961, p. 670) -
Europe. nevadensis Rebel, 1928 (R., p. 293; nervana [in part], O., p. 123) —
Spain. joannisi Schawerda, 1929 (O., p. 121; R., p. 293) —Corsica.
form evisa Schawerda, 1929 (O., p. 122; R., p. 294). derivana Laharpe, 1858 (O., p. 122; R., p. 295) —Europe. incognitana Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 296) —Switzerland. jackhi Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 297) -France. rundiapicana Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 297) — "Bomisch." herzegovinae Razowski, 1959 (R., p. 298) — Herzegovina. cyanescana Real, 1953 (O., p. 122; R., p. 298) — Southern France.
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clercana Joannis, 1908 (O., p. 121; R., p. 299) —Southeastern France;
Spain. samarcandss Razowski, 1958 — Central Asia. pallifrons Razowski, 1958 — Mongolia.
viardi Real, 1953 (O., p. 122; R.? p. 301) - Southern France. dumonti Real, 1953 (=legrandi Real, 1953, in part) (O., p. 122; R.,
p. 294, 300; Razowski, 1961, p. 671, fig. 1) -Southern France.
Species incertae sedis
agricolana Kennel, 1919 (O., p. 123) —Central Asia. antiphila Meyrick, 1913 (O., p. 123) —Tunisia. biruptana Chretien, 1922 (O., p. 121) —Morocco. dominicana Kennel, 1919 (O., p. 123) —Central Asia. vetulana Christoph, 1881 (O., p. 112; Razowski, 1961, p. 669) -Southeastern Siberia; Corea; Japan.
Eana (Ablabia) argentana argentana (Clerck) Figures 1, 5
Argentana Clerck, 1759, Icones insectorum, pi. 11, fig. 14. Zeller, 1853, Stettiner ent. Zeitg. 14: 289. Werneburg, 1864, Beitrdge Schmetterlingskunde 1: 230.
Phalsena (Tortrix) goiiana Linne, 1761, Fauna Suecica, ed.2: 349.
Phalsena (Tortrix) gouana Linne, 1767, Systema naturae, vol.1, ed.12: 879. Gmelin, 1788, Systema naturae, vol.1, ed.13: 2509. Villers, 1789, Caroli Linnsei ent. 2: 401.
Phalsena (Tortrix) argentana, Schiffermiiller & Denis, 1775, Ankiind. syst. Werk. Schmett. Wiener Gegend: 127; 1776, Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wiener Gegend: 127. Illiger, 1801, in Illiger & Haefeli, Syst. Verz. Schmett. Wiener Gegend, vol.2: 46.
Pyralis govana Fabricius, 1775, Systema ent. 651; 1794, Ent. syst. 3, pt.2: 267.
Pyralis gouana, Fabricius, 1781, Species insectorum. 2: 283; 1787, Mantissa insectorum 2: 233.
Pyralis margaritalis Hiibner, 1796, Sammlung europ. Schmett. Pyralides: pi.8, fig.48.
Tortrix argentana, Hiibner, 1796-1799, Sammlung europ. Schmett. Tortrices: pl.14, fig.86. Charpentier, 1821, Zinsler, Wickler, Schaben Geistchen syst. Verz. Schmett.: 37. Meyrick, 1895, Handbook Brit. Lepid.: 142. Walsingham, 1900, Ann. mag. nat. hist., ser.7, vol.5: 460. Fernald, "1902" [1903], Bull. U. S. natl. mus. 52: 484, no.5411. Kennel, 1910, Palaeark. Tortriciden: 196, pi. 10, fig. 17. Matsumura, 1931, 6000 ill. insects Japan-Empire: 1077, fig.
Tortrix magnana Hiibner, 1811-1813, Sammlung europ. Schmett. Tortrices: pl.36, figs.225, 226. Zincken, 1821, in Charpentier, Zinsler, Wickler, Schaben Geistchen syst. Verz. Schmett.: 37.
Palpita margaritalis, Hiibner, 1822, Syst.-alphabet. Verz.: 55.
Eutrachia magnana, Hiibner, 1822, op. cit.: 62.
Ablabia magnana, Hiibner, 1825, Verz. bek. Schmettlinge [sic]: 383.
Tortrix gouana, Treitschke, 1830, Schmett. Europa 8: 102; 1835, Schmett. Europa 10, pt.3: 248. Zeller, 1839, Isis: 327. Werneburg, 1864, Beitrdge Schmetterlingskunde 1: 195.
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Argyroptera gouana, Duponchel, 1836, Hist. nat. lepid. 9: 444, pl.259, fig.7; 1846, Cat. method, lepid. 'Europe-. 310.
Aphelia gouana, Guenee, 1845, Ann. soc. ent. France (ser.2) 3: 305; "1845" [1846], Europ. Microlepid. index meth.: 67.
Tortrix (Ablabia) gouana, Herrich-Schaffer, 1851, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europa 4: 177.
Sciaphila gouana, Lederer, 1859, Wiener ent. Monats. 3: 251.
Sciaphila (Ablabia) gouana, Heinemann, 1863, Schmett. Deutschlands und Schweiz, div.2, vol.1, fasc.l: 54.
Sciaphila (Ablabia) argentana, Wocke, 1871, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. europ. Faunengeb. 240, no.770.
Ablabia gouana, Walsingham, 1879, 111. typical spec. Lepid. Het. 4: 77.
Sciaphila argentana, Fernald, 1882, Trans. Amer. ent. soc. 10: 16. Grote, 1882, New check list North Amer. moths: 58, no.68.
Myelois georgiella Hulst, 1887, Ent. Amer. 3; 136.
Cnephasia argentana, Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palsearc. Faunengeb. 2: 91, no.L607. Meyrick, 1912, Lepid. cat., pt. 10: p. 44; 1913, Genera insectorum, fasc.149: 44. Barnes & McDunnough, 1917, Check list Lepid. Boreal America: 178, no.7402. Forbes, "1923" [1924], Mem. Cornell Univ. agr. exp. sta. 68: 488. Meyrick, 1927, Rev. handbook British Lepid.: 513. McDunnough, 1939, Mem. so. California Acad. Sci. 2: 58, no.7459. Benander, 1950, Svensk in-sektfauna, pt.10: p.47, fig.5a. Issiki, 1957, in Esaki et at, Icones Heter. Japon. 1: 82, pi. 14, fig.432.
Aphelia argentana, Conquest, 1911, Entomologist 44: 156.
Nephodesme argentana, Pierce & Metcalfe, 1922, Genitalia group Tortricidse . . . British Islands: 14, pl.6. Kremky, 1935, Ann. mus. zool. Polonici 11: 117.
Ablabia argentana, Busck, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn ent. soc. 26:210, pi. 11, fig.9.
Cnephasia (Ablabia) argentana, Real, 1953, Bull. mens. soc. Linneenne Lyon 22: 52. Razowski, 1957, Acta Zool. Cracov. 1: 122, pl.15, fig.2; pl.20, fig.4; pl.24,
fig.l.
Eana argentana, Obraztsov, 1955, Tijdschr. Ent. 98: 169, fig.285. Bradley & Martin, 1956, Ent. Gaz. 7: 154, pl.7.
Eana (Ablabia) argentana, Obraztsov, 1956, Tijdschr. Ent. 99: 120. Razowski, 1959, Acta Zool Cracov. 4: 274, pl.26, fig.76; pl.47, fig.221; pl.61, fig.291. Hannemann, 1961, Kleinschmetterlinge, I. Die Wickler, Tierwelt Deutschlands 48: 44, fig.69, pl.5, fig.5.
TYPES: The location of types of argentana (PPatria), goiiana (Sweden), margaritalis (Europe), and magnana (Europe) is unknown. The names gouana and govana are only the spelling varieties for goiiana. The holotype of georgiella (Colorado) is probably lost.
Specimens examined: Many males and females from Europe, with genitalia slides, in the U. S. National Museum, British Museum (Natural History), and Zoological Collection of the Bavarian State. ALBERTA: Two males (genitalia of one on slide, No. 373-Obr.), Laggan, August 8-15 (Kearfott Collection); one male (genitalia on slide,,No.370-Obr.), Waterton Lake, August 17, 1949 (W. J. & J. W. Gertsch). WASHINGTON: One male, Chinook Pass, August 2, 1941 (Collection G. H. & J. L. Sperry). COLORADO: Three males, Valley View Lodge, 7600 feet, 10
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miles south Steamboat Springs, Routt County, July 13, 1956, and July 13, 1957 (F. & P. Rindge). IDAHO: 15 males, Alturas Lake, 7000 feet, Blaine County, July 25-27, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge); 10 males, North Fork Camp, 6200 feet, 9 miles N. W. Ketchum, Blaine County, July 22-23, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge); one male, Twin Creek Camp, 5200 feet, 5 miles N. Gibbonsville, Lemhi County, July 29, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge). WYOMING: One male, 12-16 miles S. W. Big Horn, 7700-8000 feet, Big Horn Mountains, Sheridan County, July 19, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male, Ranger Creek Camp, 7800 feet, 18 miles S. W. Big Horn, Sheridan County, July 16, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male, one female (genitalia on slide, No.l42-Obr.), Yellowstone Park, July, 1900 (Barrison); 22 males (genitalia of one on slide, No.605-Obr.), Lower Green River Lake, 8000 feet, Wind River Range, Sublette County, July 30 - August 8, 1953 (F. & P. Rindge), August 3-6, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male, Sacajawea Camp, 8400 feet, 24 miles W. Big Piney, Sublette County, August 1, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male, Clear Creek Valley, 8000-8500 feet, Wind River Range, Sublette County, July 19, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge); one male, between Smith Creek and Rambler, 9400-9700 feet, Sierra Madre Mountains, Carbon County, August 10, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male, Lake Creek Camp, 6900 feet, Park County, July 23, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge). All of the above North American specimens are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.
Remarks: It is somewhat questionable, whether the name argentana Clerck can be applied to this widely distributed Holarctic Eana species. The type of argentana does not probably exist any more, and the figure published by Clerck leaves some doubts that it represents the species, recently known under this name. The figured moth has the forewings much broader than they are in our Eana species. The antennae are very thick and to all appearances pectinate. Moreover, the moth on the figure is somewhat larger than the Eana species in question. Especially suspicious is the fact that Clerck's argentana was never mentioned by Linne, although in his later papers he cited most of the species figured by Clerck. For the species, figured by Clerck as argentana, he proposed the name goiiana (Linne, 1761), changed later to gouana, without any reference to Clerck's figure. Neither was the name argentana mentioned by Gmelin, Fabricius, or other contemporary authors. Less important is the fact that argentana was published by Clerck as a uninominal name, because the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will probably find some ways for validation of Clerck's paper, where the binominal principles were completely ignored.
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Figs. 1-4. Right valvse of North American Eana species. 1. E. argentana argentana (Clerck). 2. E. subargentana, new species. E. osseana niveosana (Packard). 4. E. idahoensis, new species.
Only because Schiffermueller and Denis (1775) used the name argentana for our tortricid species, the later authors identified this name with that of Clerck:. It is quite reasonable to think, that Schiffermueller and Denis, publishing this name, had in mind their own argentana, and never saw the paper of Clerck, which always was an expensive and very rare book. In the interests of a stabilization of nomenclature, the present author would propose to disregard the considerations about the incertitude of the name argentana Clerck, and put it on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, in a commonly approved sense.
In spite of the above doubts about the nomenclature of the Eana species known as argentana, and the inaccessibility of the types of all synonyms of this species, the concept of this species is rather clear. Only in the case of the name georgiella Hulst might it be assumed that it belonged to subargentana, a new species described in this paper. The present author had an opportunity to see a male specimen in the U. S. National Museum, which originated from the Fernald Collection, was labeled as the "Type" of georgiella, and matched well the original de-
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Figs. 5-7. Sterigmae and bursae copulatrices of North American Eana species. 5. E. argentana argentana (Clerck). 6. E. subargentana, new species. 7. E. osseana osseana (Scopoli).
scription of this species. This specimen showed itself as identical with subargentana. But the label data of this specimen were: Marohal Pass, 11,000 feet, Colorado, July 22, 1888. The description of georgiella was published in 1887. Thus, this specimen could merely be treated as a pseudotype of georgiella, and as such had no nomenclature value. For this reason, the present author found it reasonable to abstain from application of the name georgiella to his new species subargentana. Until the real type of georgiella is found, the only valid treatment of georgiella is that of Fernald ("1902"), who, as the first author, listed this name as a synonym of argentana.
The North American specimens of argentana do not differ from the subspecies argentana, widely distributed in the Palearctic region.
EANA (ABLABIA) SUBARGENTANA Obraztsov, new species
Figures 2, 6
Cnephasia osseana niveosana, Forbes (not Packard), "1923" [1924], Mem. Cornell univ. agr. exp. sta. 68: 488.
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Antenna black, diffusely white scaled and indistinctly annulated. Labial palpus gray or brownish gray, on inner side and occasionally at base, cream-white. Head and thorax white or cream-white. Abdomen gray, diffusely scaled or annulated with white, occasionally yellowish caudad. Forewing entirely white or cream-white grayish, with strong silky gloss; fringes white or cream white; reverse dark gray, at costa and apex whitish or yellowish. Length of forewing, 9-14 mm. Hind wing white, or gray above and beneath; fringes white or cream-white, with grayish basal line.
Male genitalia: Valva with the costa almost straight or slightly concave; sclerotized trace of the sacculus arched, with the tip acute, directed slightly downward; cucullus rather abruptly narrowed externally.
Female genitalia: Sterigma with laterocephalic angles slightly produced and somewhat acute. Common length of the antrum and ductus bursas about thrpe times as long as the cervix bursse.
TYPES: Holotype, male, and Allotype, female, 17 miles east of Mayfield, Sanpete County, Utah, 10,200 feet, August 1 and 3, 1958 (F., P., & J. Rindge); 11 male Paratypes, and five female Paratypes, the same data but August 1-5, 1958. All types are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.
Other specimens examined: BRITISH COLUMBIA: 17 males (genitalia of one on slide, No.374-Obr.), Wellington, July (Bryant); deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. WASHINGTON: One male (genitalia on slide, No. 3235, prep. J. F. Gates Clarke on Nov. 4, 1940), Slate Peak, Okanogan County, 6500-7000 feet, August 2, 1940 (J. F. Gates Clarke); one male, Skyline Ridge, Whatcom County, August 16, 1930 (J. F. Gates Clarke); one male (genitalia on slide, prep. A. Busck on March 2, 1930), Skyline Ridge, Mt. Baker, July 26, 1925 (J. F. Gates Clarke); one female (genitalia on slide, No.l-Obr. 3/20 1959), Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier, August 31, 1932 (J. F. Gates Clarke); the above four specimens are deposited in the U. S. National Museum. One male (genitalia on slide, No.305-Obr.), Chinook Pass, August 2, 1941 (G. H. & J. L. Sperry Collection), deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. CALIFORNIA: Four males, Lakeshore, Fresno County, 7000 feet, July 10, 1940 (F. Rindge); Pothole Meadows, Josemite National Park, 9950 feet, July 3, 1946 (F. Rindge ); one male, Cedarville, Modoc County, July 8, 1946 (F. Rindge ); one male (genitalia on slide, No.399-Obr.), Summit, Sierra Nevada (Edwards Collection). NEW MEXICO: One male, Panchuela Ranger Station, near Cowles, July 6-9, 1957 (A. B. Klots); one male, 2.5 miles E. Cloudcroft, Otero County, August 7, 1947 (A. B. Klots); two males, near Las Conchas Camp, Jemez Mountains, July 12, 1957 (A. B. Klots). MONTANA: Two males, Continental divide, 6 miles N. E. Gibbons Pass, Ravalli & Beaverhead Counties, 6950 feet, August 1, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge); one male, Cooke City, Park County, July 27, 1959 (F., P., &
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B. Rindge). COLORADO: seven males, Capitol City, Hinsdale County, July 25-26, 1936; one male, Boulder (Oslar); one female (genitalia on slide, No.ll7-Obr.), no data (Edwards Collection); one male, Gould, Jackson County, 9000 feet, July 12, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge); one male (genitalia on slide, No.378-Obr.), Rock Creek, vicinity Colorado Springs, August 25, 1935 (A. B. Klots); one male (genitalia on slide, No.379-Obr.), Platte Canyon (Oslar). OREGON: One male, Lazy T Ranch, near Joseph, Wallowa County, July 17, 1949 (G. H. & J. L. Sperry Collection). IDAHO: One male, North Fork Camp, 9 miles N. W. Ketchum, Blaine County, 6200 feet, July 28, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge). WYOMING: 15 males (genitalia of one on slide, No.607-Obr.), Bottle Creek Camp, 7 miles N. W. Encampment, Carbon County, 8800 feet, August 8-11, 1959 (F. & P. Rindge); seven males, two females, Lower Green River Lake, Wind River Range, Sublette County, 8000 feet, July 18, 1956; August 9, 1953; August 3-9, 1959; F. & P. Rindge); three males, one female, Green River, Wind River Range, July 24 to August 7, 1935 (A. B. Klots); two males, Sacajawea Camp, 24 miles W. Big Piney, Sublette County, 8400 feet, August 14, 1953 (F. & P. Rindge); August 1, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); two males, one female, Middle Piney Creek, Wyoming Range, Sublette County, 8400-8850 feet, August 12-13, 1953 (F. & P. Rindge); one male, Smith Creek-Rambler, Sierra Madre Mountains, Carbon County, 9400-9700 feet, August 10, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male, Moose Flat Camp, 27 miles S. E. Alpine, Lincoln County, 6200 feet, July 29, 1959 (F., P., & B. Rindge); one male (genitalia on slide, No.380-Obr.), Medicine Bow Mountains, July 31, 1937 (G. H., and J. L. Sperry Collection); one male, Togwotee Pass, Teton County, August 2, 1939 (G. H. & J. L. Sperry Collection); two males, same locality but 8700-9600 feet, July 21, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge). UTAH: Three males, one female, Huntington Canyon Camp, 22 miles N. W. Huntington, Emery County, 8000 feet, August 8-9, 1958 (F., P., & J, Rindge); four males, Flat Canyon Camp, 33 miles N. W. Huntington, Sanpete County, 8800 feet, August 7-8, 1958 (F., P., & J. Rindge); three males, one female (female genitalia on slide, No.l41-Obr.), Warner Ranger Station, La Sal Mountains, 9000 feet (and no altitude data), July, 1933, and July 21, 1936; seven males, one female, Loop Camp, S. W. from Grantville, Tooele County, 7400 feet, July 16-19, 1958 (F., P., & J. Rindge); three males, between Mill Fork and Desert Peak Trail, Stansbury Mountains, Tooele County, 7500-9500 feet, July 19, 1958 (F., P., & J. Rindge); six males, Wolf Creek Camp, 14 miles W. Hanna, Wasatch County, 9500 feet, August 12, 1958 (F., P., & J. Rindge); one male, 26 miles S. E. Salina, Sevier County, 10,100 feet, July 31, 1958
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(F., P., & J. Rindge); one male, Mirror Lake, Uintah Mountains. Duchesne County, July 12, 1936; one male, along road from Kamas, Summit County, to Mirror Lake, Duchesne County, 9000 feet; six males, one female (genitalia of two males on slides, Nos.376-Obr. and 377-Obr.), Provo, July 14-24, 1909 (T. Spalding); one male, no data. NEW YORK: One male (genitalia on slide, No.375-Obr.), Big Indian Valley, Catskill Mountains, June 22, 1906 (R. F. Pearsall).
Remarks: This species, widely distributed in North America, is very similar to argentana, but can be distinguished from it even without examination of the genitalia. The forewings of subargentana never have any bluish reflection, as is usually observed in argentana. In the latter species this reflection is caused by the gray color of scales of the under surface of the forewing. In subargentana these scales are less lustrous from the side turned to the wing membrane. A slight scraping of the upper surface of the forewing with a fine pin is adequate for making the scales of the under surface visible. In many cases this operation is unnecessary, since these scales are already seen on the places of forewings, where the white scales of the upper wing surface are rubbed out. All scratches on the upper surface of forewings look dark gray, in argentana, but they are yellowish and inconspicuous, in subargentana.
An examination of the genitalia is very helpful in separation subargentana from argentana. It is not always necessary to dissect the males for this purpose. Remov/ing the scales from the ventral surface of the penultimate abdominal segments with a pin and brush is usually enough for identification. The strongly sclerotized traces of the sacculi are seen well, even in situ. They are thick and strongly bent, in argentana, and narrow and slightly, gradually curved, in subargentana. A dissection is necessary for the study of the female genitalia. The sterigma of subargentana is somewhat larger than in argentana, and has the latero-caudal angles much shorter. The antrum and ductus bursa? are longer, in subargentana, but the cervix bursae is shorter than in argentana.
Forbes ("1923") correctly separated the "cream white, somewhat shining" species (i.e. subargentana) from argentana, but used a wrong name, "Cnephasia osseana niveosana," believing that the species with "the wings less pointed than in A. argentana'' is distributed from "Labrador to Alaska, and southward in the Rocky Mountains," and has also been found in the State of New York. It seems probable that Forbes did not compare the genuine niveosana from Labrador with the southern specimens which he referred to this form. In point of fact, they are completely unlike each other. The specimens from Alaska belong to osseana, and are also distinct from the southern subargentana.
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Only in a few cases can subargentana be confused with osseana. The forewings in subargentana are less acute than in the latter species. The most typical character distinguishing these two species is in the hind wings which in subargentana are white or pale gray, always paler than in osseana. Moreover, the forewings of subargentana never have any, even slightest markings. On the other hand, among the osseana specimens there are not any with the forewings as white as in subargentana, except the Palearctic Eana osseana pamira Obraztsov. But this latter does not have to be taken into consideration since it is not present in North America. If there are some doubts about the adequacy of the external characters, the genitalia always give a good base for separation subargentana from osseana or niveosana.
In the male genitalia the more or less strongly curved trace of the sacculus of subargentana separates it well from any form of osseana, which have this sclerotized trace more straight, with the tip never directed downward. The sterigma of the female of subargentana has the laterocephalic angles more or less acute; in osseana they always are rounded. The antrum and ductus bursae of subargentana are distinctly longer than the cervix bursas, and broader than in osseana. In the latter species the antrum and ductus bursae are distinctly shorter than the cervix bursas.
Range: As seen from the list of the examined material, subargentana has a wide distribution in North America. The new species will probably be found in some other states, also. At present there is no satisfactory material to maintain that the more yellowish colored specimens from British Columbia and States of Washington and New York are a constant geographic subspecies.
Eana {Ablabia) osseana osseana (Scopoli) Figure 7
Fhalsena osseana Scopoli, 1763, Ent. Carniolica: 238.
Phalsena (Tortrix) osseana, Villers, 1789, Caroli Linn&i ent. 2: 424.
Tortrix quadripunctana Haworth, 1811, Lepid. Brit.: 468.
Tortrix pratana Hiibner, 1811-1813, Sammlung europ. Schmett., Tortrices: pi.36, figs.227, 228. Frolich, 1828, Enum. Tortricum Wiirtembergise: 67. Treitschke, 1830, Schmett. Europa 8: 101; 1835, Schmett. Europa 10, pt.3: pp. 70, 248.
Eutrachia pratana, Hiibner, 1822, Syst. alphabet. Verz.: 63.
Ablabia pratana, Hiibner, 1825, Verze. bek. Schmettlinge [sic-]: 383. Stephens, 1852, List spec. British animals, pt.10: 69. Stainton, 1859, Manual British butt. moths 2: 259. Wilkinson, 1859, British Tortrices: 257, pl.4, fig.8.
Cnephasia cantiana Curtis, 1826, British Ent.: explanation of pi. 100.
Cnephasia quadripunctana, Curtis, 1826, op. cit.: explanation of pi. 100. Stephens, 1829, Syst. cat. British insects 2: 180, no.6990.
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Ahlahia quadripunctana, Stephens. 1834, III. British ent., Haustellata 4: 126. Westwood & Humphreys, 1845, British moths 2: 140, pl.87, fig.13.
Tortrix horeana Zetterstedt, 1840, Insecta Lapponica: 980.
Argyroptera pratana, Duponchel, 1836, Hist. nat. lepid. 9: 446, pl.259, fig.8; 1846, Cat. method, lepid. Europe: 310.
Ahlahia quadripunctata Westwood. 1840, Introd. modern class, insects 2, Synopsis genera of British insects: 108 (wrong spelling for quadripunctana Haworth).
Aphelia pratana, Guenee, 1845, Ann. soc. ent. France (ser.2) 3: 305; "1845" [1846], Europ. Microlepid. index methodicus: 67.
Tortrix {Ahlahia) pratana, Herrich-Schaffer, 1851, Syst. Btarb. Schmett. Europa 4: 178.
Ahlahia cantiana, Stephens, 1852, List spec. British animals 10: 69.
Aphelia quadripunctata, Westwood, 1852, in Wood, Index ent. ed. 2: 147, pl.33, fig.995.
Tortrix osseana, Zeller, 1855, Stettiner ent. Zeitg. 16: 247. Meyrick, 1895, Handbook British Lepid: 542. Fernald, "1902" [1903], Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 52: 483, no.5409 (in part). Kennel, 1910, Palseark. Tortriciden: 195, pl.10, fig. 15. Benander, 1940, Opuscula Ent. 5: 53.
Sciaphila osseana, Lederer, 1859, Wiener ent. Monatschr. 3: 251. Walker, 1863, List spec, lepid. insects, pt.27: 224. ? Grote, 1882, New check list North American moths: 58, no.66.
Sciaphila (Ahlahia) osseana, Heinemann, 1863, Schmett. Deutschlands und Schweiz, div.2, vol.1, fasc.l: 54. Wocke, 1871, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. europ. Faunengeh.: 240, no.767.
Tortrix steineriana var.? stelviana Milliere, 1874, Icon, descr. chenilles lepid. inedits 3: 434, pl.153, figs.11-14.
Cnephasia osseana, Bebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeh. 2: 91, no.1605. Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepid. cat., pt.10: 43; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insect, fasc.149: 44. Barnes & McDunnough, 1917, Check list Lepid. Boreal America: 178, no.7401. Meyrick, 1927, Rev. handbook British Lepid. 513. McDunnough, 1939, Mem. So. Calif, acad. sci. 2: 58, no.7458. Benander, 1950, Svensk Insektfauna, pt.10: 47, fig.6v.
Ahlahia osseana, Fernald, 1908, Genera Tortricidae: 12, 53. Busck, 1931, Bull. Brooklyn ent. soc. 26: 210, pi. 11, fig.7.
Cnephasia osseana ab. hiformana Hauder, 1913, Jahresher. Mus. Francisco-Carolinum 71, Beitrdge Landeskunde, fasc.65: 95; 1919, Zeitschr. Oesterreich. ent. Vet. 4: 59.
Nephodesme osseana, Pierce & Metcalfe, 1922, Genitalia group Tortricidae British Islands: 13, pi.6.
Cnephasia (Ahlahia) osseana, Real, 1953, Bull. mens. soc. linneenne Lyon 22: 52. Razowski, 1957, Acta zool. Cracoviensia 1: 122, pi. 15, fig.l; pl.20, fig.3; pl.23, figs.7, 8.
Cnephasia (Ahlahia) osseana "sous-espece" hiformana & "race" pratana, Real, 1953, Bull. mens. soc. linneenne Lyon 22: 52.
Cnephasia (Ahlahia) osseana "race" horreoni & "forme ind."'pseudolongana Real, 1953, ibid. 22: 52.
Eana (Ahlahia) osseana, Obraztsov, 1955, Tijdschr. ent., 98: 173; 1956, ibid. 99: 120. Razowski, 1959, Acta zool. Cracoviensia 4: 275, pl.26, figs.77, 78; pl.47, fig.222; pi.62, fig.292. Hannemann, 1961, Kleinschmetterlinge, I. Die Wickler, in Tierw. Deutschlands, pt.48: 44, fig.70, pl.5, fig.9.
Eana osseana, Bradley & Martin, 1956, Ent. gaz. 7: 154, pi.7.
Ahlahia osseana form impunctana Strand, 1901, Nyt Mag. Naturv. 39: 67. Tortrix osseana form pallida Miiller-Rutz, 1920, Mitt. Ent. Zurich, 5: 338, pi.2, fig.3; 1922, Mitt, schweiz. ent. Gesell. 13: 224.
form impunctana Strand
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Cnephasia (Ablabia) osseana (in part), Real, 1953, Bull. mens. soc. linneenne Lyon, 22: 52.
Cnephasia (Ablabia) osseana "race" alpicola Real, 1953, ibid. 22: 52, 98.
Cnephasia (Ablabia) osseana "forme ind." solfatarana Real, 1953, ibid. 22: 52.
A. [blabia] osseana "var." alpicolana Real, 1953, ibid. 22: 61 (misspelling for alpicola Real).
Eana (Ablabia) osseana "ah," impunctana, Obraztsov, 1956, Tijdschr. ent. 99: 120. Razowski, 1959, Acta zool. Cracoviensia 4: 275.
TYPES: The types of osseana ("Carniolia") and pratana ("Europe") are lost. Those of quadripanctana ("County of Norfolk, England") and cantiana ("County of Kent, England") probably are deposited in the British Museum (Natural History), but the present author could not locate them. The type of boreana ("North Lapland") is in the Zetterstedt Collection (Benander, 1940). The location of the types of stelviana ("Stelvio"), biformana ("Oberosterreich"), impunctana ("Tysfjorden, Norway"), and pallida ("Lago di Naret, Switzerland") is unknown. The types of borreoni ("Vallee de Borreon, France"), pseudolongana ("Pralognan, Savoie"), alpicola ("Les Etages-en-Oisans, France"), and solfatarana ("La Schlucht, Vosges") are in the Paris National Museum and in the Real Collection.
Specimens examined: Many specimens from England, France, Germany, and other European countries, deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, United States National Museum, British Museum (Natural History), and Zoological Collection of the Bavarian State. ALASKA: Two males (genitalia on slides, prepared by A. Busck on March 27, 1920, and October 1, 1922), Kukak Bay, July 4, 1899 (T. Kincaid, Harriman Expedition); one male, Afognak, August 4, 1940 (E. C. Johnston); one female (genitalia on slide, prepared by A. Busck on January 7, 1928), Nunivak Island, August, 1927 (Stewart & Collins); the above four specimens are deposited in the United States National Museum. ALBERTA: One female, Lake Louise, August 18 (Kearfott Collection); one female (genitalia on slide, No.469-Obr.), Mt, Piran, August 17 (Kearfott Collection); the above two specimens are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.
Male genitalia: Valva with the costa straight or slightly undulate; the tip of the sclerotized trace of the sacculus directed externad, not turning downward; cucullus gradually narrowed externad.
Female genitalia: Sterigma with laterocephalic angles simple, Common length of the antrum and ductus bursas almost equal that of the cervix bursae, or somewhat shorter.
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Remarks: The North American specimens of the subspecies osseana are rather similar to those from the Palearctic region, although the forewing markings on a pale ochreous or slightly grayish suffused ground are less developed than have usually been observed in the Central European moths of this subspecies. In some specimens the forewings are unicolorous, without any markings (form impunctana Strand).
Range: This subspecies is widely distributed in the Palearctic region. In North America it is known only from Alaska and Alberta. It seems very probable that it will be found also in the intermediate territories.
Eana (Ablabia) osseana niveosana (Packard) Figure 3
Sciaphila niveosana Packard, 1866, Proc. Boston soc. not. hist. 11: 55. Walsingham, 1879, III. typical spec. Lepid. Het. 4: 77. Fernald, 1882, Trans. Amer. ent. soc. 10: 16. Grote, 1882, New check list North Amer. moths: 58, no.67. Packard, 1888, Canad. ent. 20: 145.
Tortrix pratana, Christoph (not Hiibner), 1858, Stettiner ent. Zeitg. 19: 113. Moschler, 1860, Wiener ent. Monatschr. 4: 333.
Ablabia pratana, Moschler (not Hiibner), 1860, ibid. 4: 380.
Sciaphila (Ablabia) osseana (in part), Wocke, 1871, in Staudinger & Wocke, Cat. Lepid. europ. Faunengebiets: 240, no.767.
Sciaphila osseana (in part), Fernald, 1882, Trans. Amer. ent. soc. 10: 16. Packard, 1888, Canad. ent. 20: 145.
Sciaphila osseana "v." niveosana, Sommer, 1898, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. Iris 10: 400.
Cnephasia osseana "v." niveosana, Rebel, 1901, in Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lepid. palaearct. Faunengebietes 2: 91, no. 1605a. McDunnough, 1939, Mem. so. California acad. sci. 2: 58, no.7458a.
Tortrix niveosana, Ferald, "1902" [1903], Bull. U. S. nat. mus. 52: 483, no.5410.
Tortrix osseana (in part), Fernald, "1902" [1903], ibid. 52: 483, no.5409.
Tortrix osseana "var." niveosana, Kennel, 1910, Palaeark. Tortriciden: 196, pi. 10, fig.16.
Cnephasia osseana (in part), Meyrick, 1912, in Wagner, Lepid. cat., pt.10: 43; 1913, in Wytsman, Genera insect., fasc.149: 44. Barnes & McDunnough, 1917, Check list Lepid. Boreal America: 178, no.7401.
Cnephasia (Tortrix) osseana "var." niveosana, Caradja, 1916, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. Iris 30: 48.
Eana (Ablabia) osseana "ssp." niveosana, Obraztsov, 1956, Tijdschr. ent. 99: 120.
TYPES: Lectotype of niveosana, male, Labrador; deposited in the United States National Museum. Two male paratypes, Okak, Labrador; three male paratypes, Hopedale, Labrador; one male paratype (genitalia in vial); the above paratypes are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Other specimens examined: Two males and one female (genitalia on slides, prepared by A. Busck on July 12, 15, and 16, 1926), Nain, Labrador (P. Hettach); one male, Ungava Bay, Quebec (L. M.
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Turner); the above three specimens are deposited in the United States National Museum. One male (genitalia on slide, No.381-Obr.), Codroy, Newfoundland, July-August, 1905 (L. P. Gratacap), deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.
Male and female genitalia: As in the subspecies osseana.
Remarks: This subspecies is easily recognizable by whitish gray forewings, usually with gray markings on them. A rather large, gray spot at the end of the discal cell, some small spots or short longitudinal lines at termen, and some interrupted, transverse, fine lines, or rows of little dots across the forewing, especially distinct in the subterminal area, represent the only pattern of the forewings if it is developed. Some specimens lack these markings completely, and they might be identified as form impunctana Strand (see above, under the subspecies osseana).
Range: This subspecies is rather local. In North America it is known only from Labrador, Newfoundland, and northern part of Quebec. The European record of niveosana in Lapland should be confirmed.
EANA ABLABIA IDAHOENSIS Obraztsov, new species
Figure 4
Male: Antenna black, on the outside finely, pale yellow annulated. Labial palpus brown, on the inner side yellowish white. Head pale yellow. Thorax and abdomen yellowish gray. Forewing with a ground layer of gray scales, covered more or less completely by a layer of longer, pale yellow scales; some obliterate, round, pale brown spots at the end of discal cell; two or three transverse rows of similar spots in external area of the forewing, and some scattered spots in other areas; fringes pale yellow; reverse entirely dark brownish gray, only the fringes as on the upper side. Length of forewing, 11 mm. Hind wing dark gray; fringes pale yellow, grayish apical, and with a grayish basal line.
Fern ale: Unknown.
Male genitalia: Valva with costa distinctly incurved; sclerotized trace of sacculus strongly arched, with acute tip directed downward; cucullus directed somewhat upward.
TYPES: Holotype, male (genitalia on slide, No. 465-Obr.), Alturas Lake, Blaine County, Idaho, 7000 feet, July 26, 1956 (F. & P. Rindge); two male paratypes, the same data but July 24 and 26. All types are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.
Remarks: This new species externally reminds one of some uni-colorous, gray specimens of osseana, but differs from them in having darker hind wings. The male genitalia are somewhat similar to those of subargentana, but the sclerotized trace of the sacculus is broader and much stronger arched, distinctly and abruptly narrowed apicad. The forewings are more acute than in subargentana.
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References
Clarke, J. F. Gates, 1958. Catalogue of the type specimens of Microlepidoptera
in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. 3.
Tortricidae, Olethreutidse, Noctuidse. 600 pp., 298 pis. British Museum,
London. Obraztsov, N. S., 1955. Die Gattungen der palaearktischen Tortricidae. I. All-
gemeine Aufteilurig der Familie und die Unterfamilien Tortricinae und
Sparganothinas. Tijdschr. ent. 97: 141-231, 248 figs. ................, 1956. [The same title.] 1. Fortsetzung. Ibid. 98: 147-228, figs.249-
366. Razowski, J., 1958. New and little known Palearctic species of the genus [sic]
Cnephasiini. Acta zool. Cracoviensia 2: 563-605, 59 figs. ................, 1959a. Neue und wenig bekannte palaearktische Wickler-Arten.
Zeitschr. Wiener ent. Gesell. 44: 81-87, 7 figs., pis. 2, 3. ................, 1959b. European species of Cnephasiini. Acta zool. Cracoviensia 4:
179-422, 317 figs. ................, 1961. Notes on some little known Tortricidae. Ibid. 5: 661-697, 4 figs.,
pls.86-93.
Dept. of Entomology, Amer. Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y., U. S. A.
REVIEW
PIERIDJE-PAPILIONIDJE. By Mieczyslaw Krzywicky. 1962. 45 pp., 59 figs. Published by the Polish Entomological Society in the series Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski (Keys for the Identification of Polish Insects), numbers 65-66, Warszawa 1962. [Available from "Ars Polona", Kracowskie Przedmiescie 7, Warszawa, Poland; price 10.- zl.] [In Polish.]
A further part of the Polish "Keys" contains a survey of these two families of butterflies. In the introduction the author gives a short report about each of these families. The keys for the identification go into details and inform us also about the life-history, distribution and variability. All species are figured, and for some of the similar species (e. g., Colias hyale L. and C. australis Vty.) the genitalia and scales are figured also. In Poland are recorded 13 species of Pieridaa and 4 of Papilionidae.
For the list of all preceding parts on Lepidoptera of the "Keys" for the identification of Polish Insects see in the Journal Lepid. Soc. 15: p. 132; 1962.
Josef Moucha, Dept. of Entomology, National Museum, Praha 1, CZECHOSLOVAKIA