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Journal of The LEPIDOPTERISTs, Society
Volume 15 1961 Number 4
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SOME NEARCTIC RHOPALOCERA. 2. PAPTLTONOIDEA
by Cyril F. dos Passos
The present paper, like the preceding one on the Hesperioidea (dos Passos, 1960), has as its object to explain the systematic changes which will be in the forthcoming Check List of Nearctic Rhopalocera (Memoirs lepid. soc, no.l).
PAPILIONIDtE
PARNASSTIN/E
During the past half century Bang-Haas, Bryk, and Eisner have published extensively in several European periodicals on this subfamily, especially on the genus Farnassius. In these publications they have proposed a great number of new names for species and subspecies and a vast quantity of names which they term nomina collectwa. These names appear chiefly in Parnassiana (1930-39), Das Tierreich (1934-35) and "Parnassiana Nova", a serial paper currently appearing in the Zoologische Mededeelingen (1954- ).
These nomina collectwa have net been validated by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, perhaps because no application has been made by those authors for that purpose, and it is believed that they have no standing presently in nomenclature. Brown (1957, p. 140) republished a list cf some 66 of these names together with their English equivalents which appeared originally in Zoologische Mededeelingen (1955). It has been the practice of some of those authors to link two or more of these names together by plus (-|-) signs. In some cases these combinations take up more than one printed line and the possibilities are by no means exhausted!
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Because these names have often no original description beyond their Latin or Latinized names, no types or type localities, and when multiplied do not comply otherwise with the Regies, it has been deemed best to ignore them in this paper and in the Check List. For those interested in pursuing the matter further, attention is called to a paper by Mc-Dunnough (1936) and an answer (Bryk & Eisner, 1937).
Some of the names proposed by these authors as "forms" were treated later by them as nomina collectiva. However, where such names were proposed originally in a valid manner under the Regies as then existing, it is deemed best to retain them in the Check List because they are available for future use. Where such names were not properly written, i.e., in one word, they have been emended to comply with the Regies. In these classes fall all names having an original description, a type, and type locality. All other form names and all nomina collectiva have been omitted from the List. They do not meet the requirements of Zoological Nomenclature.
Parnassius eversmanni wosnesenskii Menetries, 1849. This insect, described from Ochotsk, [Siberia], is treated by Bryk (1934-5, p. 140) and Bryk and Eisner (1932, p.93) as a valid subspecies of eversmanni Menetries, 1849 and is omitted from the List. It does not occur in North America.
Parnassius nomion Fischer, 1823-24. This species and its synonym americanus Bang-Haas, 1927, have been included in recent Nearctic lists but preceded by an asterisk. Eisner (1957, pp.188-192) does not give any Nearctic locality for the occurrence of this species and it has accordingly been dropped from the List, together with its synonym americanus.
Parnassius clodius form maculata Bryk & Eisner, 1937. This name is omitted because it was proposed provisionally for a hypothetical insect. Such names have no standing in nomenclature.
Parnassius baldur form mediorubroocellata Bryk & Eisner, 1937. This name is omitted also because it was proposed provisionally for a hypothetical insect.
PAPILIONIN^
Following Ford (1944b) four genera of this subfamily, Battus Scopoli, 1777, Papilio Linnaeus, 1758, Graphium Scopoli, 1777, and Parides Hiibner, "1816" [1819] are recognized as occuring in the Nearctic region.
Battus devilliersi (Godart), "1819" [1824]. This name and its synonym B. villiersii (Boisduval & Le Conte), 1829, have been omitted from
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the List because there is no authentic record of the capture of this insect in our faunal area.
Papilio Linnaeus, 1758. This genus has been restricted to species congeneric in the strict sense with P. glaucus the type species.
Papilio polyxenes americus Kollar, 1850. This name is omitted as a result of Brown's (1942, p.291) statement that it does not occur in the Nearctic region.
Papilio glaucus ab. ehrmanni McDunnough, 1938. McDunnough (1938, p.5) lists this name but the original description by Ehrmann has not been found. There is an ab. ehrmanni Ehrmann (1925) listed also by McDunnough (supra) under Papilio polyxenes Linnaeus, 1758, so the former name must be ascribed to McDunnough and placed as an aberration of glaucus.
Papilio caroUnianus George Edwards in Catesby, 1771. Holland (1931, p.321), who used (erroneously) Papilio ajax Linnaeus, (1758) for this insect suggests that Papilio caroUnianus should be used instead of P. marcellus Cramer "1779" [1777] for the spring form (gen. vern.). The name Papilio ajax has been suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Opinion 286) so the name caroUnianus would have to be used for the insect except for the fact that Opinion 259 invalidates the work in which it was published. The next available name is marcellus Cramer "1779" [1777].
Graphium celadon (Lucas), 1852. This name has been omitted from the List because there is no authentic record of the capture of the insect in our faunal area.
PIERID^E (Opinion 500)
DISMORPHIIN^
Enantia Hubner, "1816" [1819]. Enantia has been used for Papilio melite Johansson, 1763, instead of Dismorphia Hubner, 1816. (See Ford, 1941, p.74).
Enantia melite Johansson, 1763. McDunnough (1938, p.7) ascribes this name to Johansson. Ford (1941, p.75) ascribes melite to Linnaeus. It seems to the author that Johannson should be credited with this name. The insect is of doubtful occurrence in the Nearctic region.
VIERYNJE
Appias ilaire (Godart), 1819. This name and its synonyms A. mysia (Godart), 1819, described from Brazil, A. margarita (Hubner), "1806" [1825] and A. molpodi (Hubner), 1823, have been omitted from the
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List because the insect does not occur in our fauna! area. The author is not unmindful of the record of ilaire from Colorado by Brown (1942, p.82) but he advises (in litt.) that he only saw the insect on a flower and that most likely it was what is now called Appias drusilla (Cramer), "1779" [1777].
Pieris protodice Boisduval & Le Conte, 1829, and P. occidentalis Reakirt, "1866-7" (1866). These insects appear to be conspecific and have been combined under the older name but the latter name retained as a subspecies.
Pieris napi venosa ab. 9 flava Edwards, 1881. The author is aware of the fact that Cockayne (1952) claims that this is a nomen nudum for lack of a description but it is believed that the words "A large percentage of female venosa are yellow on the upper side. . ." (pp.89, 98) together with pi.2, f.7 9 comply with the Regies and thus the name should be recognized as a form $ of venosa.
Pieris napi castoria ab. flava Edwards, 1881. Edwards mentions (pp.94, 98) a yellow male and female of castoria and it is apparent that he applied the name to that aberration. In any event the name is a synonym of ab. reseda? Boisduval, 1869.
Pieris ochsenheimer Staudinger, 1886. This name, proposed for specimens from Central Asia, has appeared in several Nearctic Lists on the basis apparently of 2 males, 1 female received by Skinner (1897, p.156) from Strecker from Mt. Wrangel, Alaska. Verity (1911, p.324) does not believe that it is distinct from P. napi and it has accordingly been omitted from the List.
Pieris rapse sestivus Verity, 1913. This name appears to be a synonym and a homonym of P. rapse sestiva Zellcr (1847). Both were proposed for Palearctic specimens representing the fourth generation of rapse. They are accordingly omitted from the List.
COLIADIN^E
Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Opinion 146). This genus has given the greatest trouble to present in a systematic manner. There appears to be considerable hybridization between "species" and few students agree where "species" and "subspecies" begin and end. The present arrangement, based somewhat on the food plants of the larvae when known, is offered with no assurance that it will prove final. Most of the changes in the previous set-up are explained in these notes.
Colias hecla palamedes Hemming, 1934. Hemming (1934, p.98) claims that Colias hecla var. pallida Skinner, 1892, is a homonym of Colias erate
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Esper ab. $ pallida Staudinger, 1861, and has proposed the name Colias hecla palamedes to replace it. It will be noted that the Staudinger name is a female aberrational name whereas the Skinner name could be either a subspecies, an aberration or a form name. While the Regies at present are silent on this subject, for five years prior to 1958 the presumption was that Skinner had proposed pallida as a subspecific name. In that event, it was not necessary to replace it. Attention is called also to the fact that Hemming gave the wrong reference for pallida Skinner. It is Ent. news 3: 49, fig.4; 1892.
The practice of upsetting form names such as alba, pallida, flava, verida, nigra, etc. in the genus Colias is of doubtful usefulness. It is better to use such names for white, yellow, green or black specimens where such forms occur in more than one species. Where such form names are proposed nothing is gained by publishing new names although such procedure may be technically correct. The situation may be different if the homonym is not a descriptive name. In that case a new name may be advisable.
Colias eurytheme Boisduval, 1852, and C. philodice Godart, 1819. These names have been combined by some authors such as Hovanitz (1943, p.l) under C. chrysotheme Esper, 1777. Undoubtedly the relationship among all three is very close and interbreeding occurs. Nevertheless, it has been deemed best to treat them as distinct species until further work, especially breeding and the study of the preferred food plants, has been done.
Colias eurytheme keewaydin Edwards, 1869. This name has been removed from the synonymy of C. eurytheme Boisduval (1852) and given subspecific standing as the spring form occurring in the [southern] Rocky Mountains. The type locality is restricted to Texas.
Colias eurytheme keewaydin pallida Cockerell, 1888. This is a case where pallida is preoccupied by form $ alba Strecker, 1878.
Colias notatus Clark & Clark, 1941. This name appeared first in an unpublished sales list of some insects from Georgia prepared by Megerle in 1803. It was followed by a description sufficient to identify it as the insect subsequently named Colias philodice Godart, 1819. Clark and Clark in 1941 published this sales list and stated that notatus equalled philodice. For that reason the name is placed in the synonymy of that insect and ascribed to Clark and Clark. Even if notatus was validly published by Megerle, no change in long established nomenclature should be made without the approval of the Commission.
Colias nastes cocandicides Verity, "1905-1911" [1911]. This insect was named from specimens collected at 114° 30' W. 67° 40' N., while
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C. n, subarctica McDunnough, 1928, was named from Bernard Harbor, Northwest Territory, substantially the same locality. In the circumstances these names appear to be synonymous so the oldest one will be used in the Check List.
Eurema nise (Cramer), "1779" [1776]. This controversial name has had a long and complicated history but only recent events need be mentioned in this paper. For lack of specimens Munroe (1950, pp.180-181) suggested that the type locality Jamaica might be erroneous, but since he wrote, a series agreeing in all respects with Cramer's figure has been received from that island and commented upon by Klots and Heineman (1957, p.198), thus establishing the fact that Cramer's type locality Jamaica was correct.
Two recognizable subspecies of nise occur in North America. The spring brood of the one occurring in Florida resembles the spring brood of the Jamaican insect. However, there are few, if any, second brood specimens from Jamaica, so that it is not known whether that brood resembles the second Florida brood or not. However, it is assumed by the author that such is the case and the Check List therefore treats nise nise as occurring in Florida and n. nelplne in Texas as a stray from Mexico.
RIODINIDyE
Two subfamilies are recognized as occurring in the Nearctic region, Euselasiinae and Riodininae.
RIODININ^]
Apodemia mormo mormonia (Boisduval), 1869. This name has been given subspecific standing for the population occurring in Washington and Oregon.
Lephelisca Barnes & Lindsey, 1922. There are differences of opinion concerning the proper generic name to be used for the species of which Erycina virginiensfs Guerin-Meneville, 1831, is typical. Nymphidm Boisduval & Le Conte [18331 is the earliest name but Field (1948, p.207) claims that it is merely a misspelling or emendation of Nymphidium Fabricius, 1807. McAlpine (in litt.) contends that Calephelis Grote & Robinson, 1869, should be used, but that name is based upon a mis determined type species and would not seem to be available until the Commission has passed on the problem. Recent authors such as Klots (1951, p.122) and Brown, et at. (1955, p.117) use Lephelisca and that practice will be followed in the Check List, without, however, desiring to prejudice the question when it may come before the Commission.
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LYCJENIDJE THECLIN^E
Strymon Hiibner, 1818 (Opinion 165). This genus needs revising. With the exception of one or two species that have been removed therefrom and placed elsewhere the species are listed substantially as by McDunnough (1938).
Strymon eurytulus (Hiibner), "1816" [1819]. Comstock and Huntington (1943, p.87) consider this a Brazilian insect so the name is omitted from the List. Hiibner gave no type locality.
Strymon liparops Le Conte, [27 July, 1833]. This name has been ascribed usually to Boisduval & Le Conte, but a glance at the original description (p.99) shows that those authors considered it a Le Conte name, since his name alone is printed after the specific name. When these authors claimed joint authorship the specific name was followed sometimes by "nobis".
Mr. Francis Harper, of Mount Holly, New Jersey, has called attention (in litt.) to the fact that the name John Eatton Le Conte should be written that way, and not Leconte as is usually done by lepidopterists. He has made a thorough study of this problem and will publish his data.
Strymon lycus Skinner, 1898. Comstock and Huntington (1943, p.73) have pointed out that it is difficult to tell to which Hiibner name Skinner referred because Hiibner does not appear to have published any name with this exact spelling. He did publish Urbanus Celebris licus (1807, Samm. exot. Schmett. 1: pi. [150] ) and Bethys lydus ("1816" [1819] Verz. bekant. Schmett.: 175, no.753) but these species are quite distinct from simaethis Drury, "1770" [1773], in the synonymy of which Comstock and Huntington place lycus. Klots (1951) omits this name and has been followed in the Check List.
Strymon salona Hewitson, 1868. McDunnough (1938, p.24) places this name as a synonym of S. columella. Comstock and Huntington (1943, p. 78) placed it as a synonym of Thecla bubastus bubastus (Stoll), "1782" [1784], a non-Nearctic insect, consequently it is omitted from the List.
SPALGIN^E
This subfamily name was proposed by Holland (1931, p.244) to replace Gerydinae Fruhstorfer (1907) but has not met with general acceptance. By its nutrition from plant lice, the American genus Feniseca forms to a certain degree a parallel with the Indian Gerydini (Seitz
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5: 743) and there appears no substantial reason for a new name until more is known about these unusual insects. Klots (1951, p.149) used Gerydinae and is followed.
PLEBEJIN^
Hemiargus catilina Fabricius, 1793. This name is omitted from the List in accordance with the view of Comstock (1944, p.494) that it is the subspecies of Leptotes cassius occurring in the Virgin Islands. See also Comstock and Huntington (1943, p.91).
Hemiargus hanno Stoll, "1791" [1790]. This name has been omitted from the List on the strength of the study by Comstock and Huntington (1943, p.104) of the species and its synonyms from which it is concluded that the insect was described from Surinam and does not occur in the Nearctic region.
Lycseides atgyro gnomon kodiak Edwards, "1870-1" (1870). Nabokov (in litt.) advises that he considers kodiak to be a subspecies of Plebejus (Icaricia) icarioides (Boisduval), 1852, but it is retained for the present in Lycseides because he, Nabokov ("1943" [1944], p.91), has not excluded it in the only published record found. No type has been discovered.
LIBYTHEID^ LIBYTHEINvE
Libytheana motya (Boisduval & Le Conte), "1833" [1834]. Although this name is usually ascribed to Boisduval and Le Conte it is not, in this writer's opinion, a new name but a misdetermination of Hecserge motya Hiibner, [1823]. That insect does not occur in our faunal area and consequently the name is omitted from the List.
NYMPHALID^E CHARAXIN^E
Ansea aidea morrisoni (Edwards), 1883. McDunnough (1938, p.22) gives Holland as the author of this subspecies and so did Holland (1931, p.173). There is nothing invalid about Edwards' publication of this name (1883, p.35) and he should be credited with the authorship.
APATURIN^E
Chlorippe Boisduval, 1870. Klots (1951, pp.280, 313) used this name for Asterocampa pavon (Latreille), "1811" [1809] but it is a homonym of
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Chlorippe Doubleday (1840). It would seem that pavon should be included in Limenitis. Apatura Auctorum nee Fabricius (1807), as well as Chlorippe Boisduval nee Doubleday, are synonyms of Asterocampa Rober (1916).
EURYTELINI
ERGOLINI vs. EURYTELINI. Orfila (1952, p.103) has called attention to the fact that Ergolini and Eurytelini are based on the genera Ergolis Boisduval, 1836, and Eurytela Boisduval, 1833, both belonging to the same tribe as defined by Munroe (1949, p.67). Consequently Eurytela having priority, he sank Ergolini for Eurytelini and similar action must be taken when these names are used for subfamilies as contemplated in the Check List.
Hamadryas februa gudula Fruhstorfer, (1916). While this insect was described from the population occurring in western Mexico, the type in the British Museum (Natural History) is labeled "Texas". Consequently this name is included in the Check List.
Evonyme Hiibner, "1816" [1819]. De la Torre y Callejas (1952, p.68) has pointed out that this name has line priority over Eunica Hiibner, "1816" [1819] and considers apparently that the respective type species are congeneric. He believes that Eunica should be retained as a nomen conservandum. It has seemed best to treat de la Torre as the first reviser and retain Eunica on that theory.
LIMENITIN^E
Limenitis arthemis (Drury), 1773, and L. astyanax (Fabricius), 1775. These insects are considered conspecific by Klots (1951, p.116) but that opinion is not followed. While it is true that there is a narrow zone between their respective habitats where they interbreed, that fact does not necessarily make them one species. In any event, the problem is sl subjective matter and these insects have been treated as distinct species.
Adelpha Hiibner, "1816" [1819]. Following Chermock (1950, p.536) Adelpha bredowii Geyer, 1837 has been referred to Limenitis (Adelpha) Hiibner, "1816" [1819].
Anartia jatrophse Johansson, 1763. Gillham (1957, p. 19) has placed all Caribbean subspecies in the synonymy of jatrophse but is not followed insofar as the subspecies quantanamo Munroe, 1942, and luteipicta Fruhstorfer, 1907, occurring in the Nearctic region, are concerned.
Anartia saturata Staudinger, 1884. This name listed by McDunnough (1938, p.21) as a subspecies of jatrophse is omitted on the authority of
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Munroe (1942, p.3) because it does not occur in the Nearctic region. Munroe considers Port au Prince, Haiti, as the type locality of this insect. Anartia jatrophse jamaicensis Moschler, 1886. This name listed by McDunnough (1938, p.21) as a synonym of A. j. saturata Staudinger, 1884, is omitted from the List because, according to Munroe (1942, p.3), it occurs only in Jamaica and not in the Nearctic region.
VANESSIN^
Vanessa atalanta italica Stichel, (1909). This name has been used by Maturo (1953, p.154) for what he considers the North American subspecies of atalanta. However, it is not believed that a name proposed for the south and central Italian subspecies should be so used and he has not been followed.
Vanessa cardui carduelis (Seba), 1765. This name has been used also by Maturo (1953, pp.150, 154), who ascribes it to Cramer, "1779" [1776], for the North American race of cardui. The name appears to have been proposed by Seba (1765, pp.4, 6). However that may be, it is not deemed desirable to introduce the name in the Nearctic List as a subspecies until some reasons are given for differentiating it from the nominate form.
Junonia Hiibner, "1816" [1819]. Hemming (1934, p.73) considers the type species of Precis Hiibner, "1816" [1819], and Junonia to be congeneric, but de Lesse (1952, pp.74-77), who studied the genitalia of most of the species, concluded otherwise and assigns the Nearctic species to Junonia. He has been followed in the Check List.
Nymphalis vau-album ( [Denis & Shiffermiiller] ), 1775. Gillham (1956, p.27) has used this name for the Holarctic species and placed V[anessa] j-album Boisduval & Le Conte, "1833" [1834], and Aglais j-album watsoni Hall (1924) in the synonymy. He is not followed insofar as the subspecific synonymy is concerned, it being the author's opinion that both j-album and watsoni differ sufficiently to be recognized as valid subspecies. This is one of the many subjective matters concerning which the lumpers and splitters will never agree.
Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus), 1758. Eliot (1956, p.270) has pointed out that the Southern Palearctic subspecies is double brooded and suggested using the name N. a. grandis Ehrmann (1900) for this population. This suggestion he later (1957, p.162) withdrew on the advice of Forbes (in litt.) because it was claimed that this name (grandis) "... is based on characters that are aberrational, not racial". While this is not a valid objection to the use of the name, because between 1948 and 1958
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aberrational names have been available as specific or subspecific names, nevertheless there is an earlier name lintnerii Fitch, 1858, which can be used for the southern subspecies. This name is given hereby subspecific standing. The type locality is Schoharie, New York.
Nymphalis antiopa ab. hippolyta (Lyman), 1898. This name was published conditionally and hence is invalid. It was next used by Skinner (1898), who wrote it hippolita in the text (p.22) and hippolyta in the index (p.vii). It is believed best to ascribe the name to Skinner and to use the text spelling.
Nymphalis antiopa creta (Verity), 1916. This name was used erroneously by Clark and Clark (1937, p.88) and Clark and Trainer (1941, p.39) for a subspecies of IV. antiopa occurring in Virginia but described from Tuscany. It has not been included in the List since, as observed above, three names are available for the American subspecies.
Polygonia marsyas (Edwards), "1870-1" (1870),. This insect has been given subspecific standing. The examination of a long series appears to establish that it is more than a form of satyrus (Edwards), 1875.
Chlosyne lacinia rufescens Cockerell, 1894. This name has been credited usually to Edwards, 1893, but Cockerell is the author. Edwards' paper is not very clear. It consists mostly of quotations from letters of Cockerell wherein he gives descriptions and names to a number of forms of Chlosyne. However, for rufescens there are two descriptions and Edwards did not state to which one the name was applicable. The following year (1894) Cockerell cleared up this ambiguity, so the authorship of the name must be ascribed to that author.
MELIT^INyE
Phyciodes (Phyciodes) tharos pulchella (Boisduval), 1852. The name pulchella is recognized as a subspecies of tharos (Drury), "1770" [1773], with pascoensis Wright, 1905, as a synonym. Boisduval described this insect from California and stated that it inhabits a large part of that State. McDunnough (1938, p.19) lists pascoensis as the Western subspecies of tharos but pulchella has priority.
Brenthis cenone Scudder and Phyciodes cenone Scudder, 1863. These names are so listed by McDunnough (1938, pp.16, 19). The latter is listed in the Check List under Melitsea (Microtia) nycteis. Both these names represent the same insect, and Klots advises (in litt.) that cenone is a synonym of nycteis and is not a Brenthis (Boloria).
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Melitsea Fabricius, 1807. Following Forbes ("1944" [1945], p.140) and Klots (1951, p.94) the American species that have been placed usually in this genus have been transferred to the subgenus Microtia Bates, 1864. Higgins ("1958" [1959], p.161) has proposed Texola for some of these species but he does not indicate which species are included or excluded in his new genus beyond specifying that its type is Eresia elada Hewitson, 1868. This is not a Nearctic insect.
Melitsea (Microtia) palla calydon (Strecker), 1878. This name has been ascribed usually to Mead. But the 1875 mention of the name is a nomen nudum. It was next used by Strecker (1878, p.126) who wrote: "Calydon — some one of the forms of palla", which would appear to constitute him the author. In the Check List it is treated as the subspecies of palla occurring in the Rocky Mountains, the type locality being Turkey Creek Junction, Colorado.
Melitsea (Microtia) dymas (Edwards), 1871, and M. (M.) chara (Edwards), 1883. Higgins ("1958" [1959], p.161) in proposing Texola states: "It appears that Edwards' name dymas 1877 should replace the more familiar name chara Edwards, 1883", but McDunnough (1938, p.18) treats them both as subspecies and is followed.
Melitsea (Microtia) mayi Gunder, 1929. This record requires confirmation but the name is retained for the present. The insect cannot be separated from Melitsea ambigua niphona Butler, 1878, which occurs along the Amur River. The specimens upon which Gunder based the name may have been mislabeled. They were purchased from a dealer.
Melitsea (Microtia) britomartis Assman, 1847. This species is reported from the high mountains of Montana and Alberta by Verity (1935) but that is believed to be a misdetermination so the name is not included in the List. Possibly the insects examined by Verity were mislabeled.
Euphydryas Scudder, 1872. In this genus the classification of Gunder (1929), with a few corrections, has been followed, although it is realized that much work remains to be done with the western species.
Euphydryas chalcedona klotsi dos Passos, 1938. When this subspecies was described, Gunder (1929, p.16) had placed hermosa Wright as a subspecies of anicia. That proved later to be an error because it is a subspecies of chalcedona and comes from substantially the same locality as klotsi. Consequently, the latter name is sunk as a synonym.
Euphydryas chalcedona sierra ab. umbrobasana J. A. Comstock, 1925. This name has been ascribed usually to Gunder with the date 1926 but it was published the prior year by Comstock on plate 35, fig.5 of the Butterflies of California (1927, p.105). Hence the authorship is corrected. This plate was issued two years before the book.
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ARGYNNIN^E
Boloria (Clossiana) euphrosyne (Linnaeus), 1758,, This species, its synonym morrisii Reakirt, 1866, and subspecies B. e. andersoni (Dyar), 1904, are of doubtful North American occurrence. B. euphrosyne is European. B. morrisii has been omitted from the List on the strength of Strecker's statement (1878, p.118) that it was described from an example of Argynnis euphrosyne (Linnaeus), which Reakirt received from Lorquin, with "California" erroneously given as the locality. None of these names will appear in the Check List.
Boloria distincta (Gibson), 1920. This rare Arctic insect, described as a species by its author, seems better placed as a subspecies of B. astarte (Doubleday & Hewitson), "1846-50" [1847]. Grey advises (in litt.) that the genitalia are of a similar type to those of B. astarte.
Boloria (Clossiana) titania montinus (Scudder), 1862. This sub-specific name is written "montina" by Klots (1951, pp.91, 112, 311), apparently under the mistaken belief that it is an adjective and thus should agree with Boloria in gender. But montinus is a noun and should be so written.
Speyeria zerene carolse (dos Passos & Grey), 1942. Since the description of this insect Grey has received more material, and he advises (in litt.) that he is now convinced that we erred in referring it to S. coronis (Behr), 1864; hence the new combination.
DANAIDyE
Dircenna klugii (Geyer), 1837. This name has been omitted from the List because the insect does not occur in the Nearctic region. (Klots 1951, p.276).
Ithomia anaphissa Herrich-Schaffer, 1864. This name, sometimes credited to the Nearctic fauna, has been omitted from the List because the insect does not occur in that region (Klots 1951, p.276).
Dynothea lycaste negreta Reakirt, 1864. This name has been omitted from the List because the insect does not occur in the Nearctic region. Many of Reakirt's species of Danaidae were taken in Panama but mislabeled California.
Mechanitis californica Reakirt, 1865. This name has been omitted from the List because the insect does not occur in the Nearctic region. It is not cited by J. A. Comstock (1927), and Holland (1931, p.71) states that it is very doubtful that this insect occurs in California.
Danaus (Danaus) plexippus nigrippus Haensch, 1813. This name, representing the southern subspecies, was added to the Nearctic List
222 dos Passos: Papilionoidea taxonomy Vol.15: no.4
by Clark and Clark (1938, p. 179) but is believed to be a misdetermina-tion of D. p. plexippus. Accordingly it has not been incorporated in the List.
Danaus jamaicensis Bates, 1864. This insect has been reported from Florida by Clark (1941, p.540) but the evidence appears too slight to include the name in the List. The specimen is an old one in the Barnes collection, possibly a subspecies of D. gilippus Cramer, "1779" [1776].
SATYRID^E SATYRIN^
Megisto Hubner, "1816" [1819]. The species listed by McDunnough (1938, p.11) under this name have been transferred to Euptychia Hubner, "1816" [1819].
Satyrodes Scudder, 1875. This generic name, used by McDunnough (1938, p. 12) for eurydice Johansson (1763, p.406), has been omitted and the species transferred to Lethe Hubner, "1816" [1819].
Euptychia pyracmon (Butler), 1866. This name was added to the List by Nabokov ("1942" [1943], p.70) and removed by R. L. Chermock (1947, p.196). The insect is not believed to occur in the Nearctic region, so it is omitted from the List.
Ccenonympha Hubner, "1816" [1819]. Since Davenport's revision (1941) of this genus there have been several revisions in whole or in part of the Nearctic species, notably by Brown (1955), with which the author is not in complete agreement. In the Check List six species, counting mixturata Alpheraky, 1897 and haydeni (Edwards), 1872, are recognized.
Ccenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus), 1758. This name, together with its synonym C. pamphiloides Reakirt, 1866, on North American check lists for many years, is omitted as not occurring in the Nearctic region. The former is a European insect, and so apparently is the latter, both probably mislabeled.
Cercyonis sthenele (Boisduval), 1852. This name is retained in the List, although the insect is believed to be extinct.
CEneis Hubner, "1816" [1819]. The arrangement of the species and subspecies in this genus has been altered considerably as a result of the author's preliminary studies of the genitalia for a revision. They are arranged in the Check List in accordance with the characters of the male genitalia.
CEneis noma (Thunberg), 1791. This name is omitted from the List because the insect is not believed to occur in the faunal area.
1961
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
223
CEneis alberta Elwes, 1893. This name is ascribed to Elwes rather than Elwes and Edwards since the latter is responsible only for the figures in their joint paper.
CEneis polixenes brucei (Ewdards), 1891. There is a name in the literature which has priority over this well known name but it has not been used for about seventy years. In the circumstances it seems best to use the well known name brucei until application is made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for the suppression of the older name.
Erebia epipsodea sineocellata Skinner, 1889. This name was proposed as " sine-ocellata nov. var." and in the next line Skinner wrote that it "... is a var. of Epipsodea Butler . . . " . The type locality is Fort Qu'-Appelle, Northwest Territory. Ehrlich (1954, p.27) described Erebia epipsodea freemani from Lloydminster, Alberta, a town actually on the Alberta-Saskatchewan boundary and about 350 miles northwest of Fort Qu'-Appelle but in the same general type of country. The descriptions are fairly similar. In a later paper Ehrlich (1955, p.184) placed sineocellata in the synonymy of freemani on the theory that it is an aberrational name but thereby conceding that they are synonymous. However, sineocellata was not proposed as an aberrational name but as a subspecific name, so it must be used for the population that Ehrlich deemed worthy of recognition.
References
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The Snout Butterflies Riodinidae The Metalmarks Lycaenidae The Gossamer-wings. Proc. Denver mus. not. hist. 5: 113-176, num. figs. Bryk, F., 1934-1935. Lepidoptera Baroniidse, Teinopalpidae, Parnassiidae pars 1.
Tierreich 64: XXIII + 790 pp., 698 figs. Bryk, F., & C. Eisner, 1932. Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius unter
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102, 8 figs. ...............f 1937. A reply to the critical review of the treatment of the American
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news 58: 193-204, 12 figs. .............., 1950. A generic revision of the Limenitini of the world. Amer. midl.
nat. 43: 513-569, 68 figs. Clark, A. H., 1941. Notes on some North and Middle American danaid butterflies.
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Clark, A. H., & L. F. Clark, 1937. Preliminary list of the butterflies of Virginia.
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Klots, A. B., 1951. A field guide to the butterflies of North America, east of the
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Supplemental Note to Part 1 ( Hesperioidea )
Evans (1952, p.132) places Thorybes uvydixa Dyar, 1915 as a synonym of Thorybes Valeriana Plotz, 1882, or "Possibly a sub-species". An examination of the single specimen of uvydixa in the American Museum of Natural History and a photograph of the type kindly furnished by Mr. W. D. Field of the United States National Museum convinces me that these are distinct species. Since uvydixa has only been recorded from Mexico, it is omitted from the Check List.
Washington Corners, Mendham, N. J., U. S. A.