The text below is grayed out because it is not intended to be read. It is a necessarily imperfect OCR of the original and is only used by a search engine.
1961
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
25
A CHECK LIST OF THE ITHOMIIDiE. I. TRIBES TITHOREINI AND MELIN^EINI
by Richard M. Fox
For the benefit of those working casually with the ithomines, the major classification is here summarized, along with the first installment of a check list of species and subspecies. Major classification of this family of butterflies was detailed in Part I of my monograph (1956), as was the tribe Tithoreini. Some emendations and additions have been recorded (1960a). The tribe Melinaeini was discussed in Part II (1960b). For generic synonymy, see Fox 1940 and d'Almeida 1942; the presentation of the ithomines in "Seitz" by Haensch (1909) is replete with blunders in usage of generic names, in assignment of species to genera and in specific identification.
Family Ithomiidae Reuter
These insects are not especially close to the Danaidae, but show many morphologic affinities with the primitive Satyridae and to the main stem of the Nymphalidae. There are two subfamilies.
Subfamily Tellervinae Fruhstorfer
The sole genus, Tellervo Kirby, is found in the insular tropical belt from Cape York, Australia, north through New Guinea, and from Celebes to the Solomon group. All material examined belongs to the strongly polytypic T. zoilus.
Subfamily Ithomiinae Kirby
The many species all are Neotropic. Males may be recognized at once by the presence of the "hair pencil", a tuft of long scales placed longitudinally along and over the radius of the hind wing. The many genera fall into eight series, designated as tribes.
(1) Tribe Tithoreini Fox, 1940, comprising the genera Roswellia, Athesis, Patricia, Eutresis, Olyras, Athyrtis, Tithorea and Elzunia.
(2) Tribe Melinaeini Clark, 1948, with the single genus Melinsea.
(3) Tribe Mechanitini Fox, 1956, including Xanthocleis, Mechanitis, Sais and Scada.
26
Fox: Tithoreini & Melinaeini
Vol.15: no.l
(4) Tribe Napeogenini Fox, 1956, comprising Hyalyris, Hypothyris, Bhodussa, Napeogenes and Garsauritis.
(5) Tribe Ithomiini Zerny & Baier, 1936, with Ithomia, Pagyris, Miraleria and Placidula.
(6) Tribe Oleriini Fox, 1940, including Hyposcada, Oleria, JEria and a manuscript genus (Fox & Forbes).
(7) Tribe Dircennini d'Almeida, 1941, comprising Callithomia, Dircenna, Velamysta, Ceratinia, Hyalenna, Episcada and Pteronymia.
(8) Tribe Godyridini d'Almeida, 1941 (= Thyridini d'Almedia, 1941), with Thyridia, Epityches, Godyris, Dygoris, Pseudoscada, Hymenitis (or Greta), Hypoleria, McClmngia, Hypomenitis, Veladyris and Heterosais.
The tribes are listed above in general phylogenetic sequence, and the same is true of the sequence of genera within each tribe. A linear presentation is not the best way to illustrate phylogeny, as we all know. In any event, this is the sequence in which I propose treating the family in subsequent parts of the monograph.
In the following list, absolute synonyms are not especially marked, but biological synonyms such as aberrants, populational variants are indicated as "ab/\
Tribe Tithoreini Fox
1. Genus Roswellia Fox, 1948.
1.1a Roswellia acrisione acrisione (Hewitson), 1869. Eastern
Ecuador and northernmost Peru. 1.1b Roswellia acrisione deflavata (Niepelt), 1928. Rio Caqueta
in Amazonian Colombia.
2. Genus Athesis Doubleday, 1847.
2.1a Athesis clearista clearista Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847.
Northern Venezuela. 2.1b Athesis clearista colomhiensis Kaye, 1918. (= hassleri Fox,
1941.) Colombia. 2.1c Athesis clearista vitrala Kaye, 1918. Eastern Ecuador into
Northern Peru.
3. Genus Eutresis Doubleday, 1847.
3.1 Eutresis dilucida Staudinger, 1885. (= petho'e Gillott, 1925.) High tropical forests in Costa Rica. 3.2a Eutresis hypereia theope Godman & Salvin, 1877. Costa Rica.
1961
Journal of the Lepidopterists* Society
27
3.2b Eutresis hypereia hypereia Doubleday & Hewitson, 1852.
Venezuela and Amazonian Colombia. 3.2c Eutresis hypereia hyspa Godman & Salvin, 1879. (= antio-
quensis Staudinger, 1885.) Rio Cauca valley of Colombia
and western Ecuador. 3.2d Eutresis hypereia hanosana Fox, 1956. Eastern Ecuador and
upper Rio Putumayo in Colombia. 3.2e Eutresis hypereia imitatrix Staudinger, 1876. Northern Bolivia
to central and eastern Peru. Genus Patricia Fox, 1940. 4.1a Patricia dercyllidas dercyllidas (Hewitson), 1877. Eastern
Ecuador and northernmost Peru. 4.1b Patricia dercyllidas hazelea Fox, 1956. Eastern Ecuador. 4.2 Patricia oligyrtis (Hewitson), 1877. Eastern Ecuador into
northernmost Peru. 4.3a Patricia demylns demylus (Godman & Salvin), 1879. ( =
hewitsonii Srnka, 1885.) Eastern Ecuador. 4.3b Patricia demylus gemellus Fox, 1960. Bolivia.
Genus Olyras Doubleday, 1847. 5.1a Olyras crathis staudingeri Godman & Salvin, 1897. Costa Rica. 5.1b Olyras crathis montagui Butler, 1870. Rio Putumayo south
through eastern Ecuador into northern Peru. 5.1c Olyras crathis crathis Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847. Northern
Venezuela. 5.Id Olyras crathis sticheli Haensch, 1905. Rio Ucayali, Peru. 5.1e Olyras crathis weeksi Fox, 1956. Ecuador, probably western.
5.2 Olyras theon Bates, 1866. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras. 5.3a Olyras insignis insignis Salvin, 1869. Costa Rica and Panama. 5.3b Olyras insignis prsestans Godman & Salvin, 1897. Amazonian
Colombia. 5.3c Olyras insignis translucens Hewitson, 1872. Western Ecuador.
Genus Athyrtis Felder & Felder, 1862. 6.1a Athyrtis mechanitis mechanitis Felder & Felder, 1862. ( —
distincta Haensch, 1905, ab.) Amazonian Colombia, higher
altitudes. 6.1b Athyrtis mechanitis oberthuri Srnka, 1885. (= similis Tess-
mann, 1928, ab.) Rio Pachitea, in east central Peru. 6.1c Athyrtis mechanitis salvini Srnka, 1884. (= amanga Haensch,
1909, ab.) Bolivia, Peru and the Rio Jurua valley of Brazil.
28
Fox: Tithoreini & Melinseini
Vol.15: no.l
7. Genus Tithorea Doubleday, 1847. (= Hirsutis Haensch, 1909.)
7.1a Tithorea tarricina duenna Bates, 1864. Mexico, Guatemala,
Honduras. 7.1b Tithorea tarricina pinthias Godman & Salvin, 1878.
(= monosticta Godman & Salvin, 1897, ab.) Guatemala,
Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama. 7.1c Tithorea tarricina tarricina Hewitson, 1857. (= hecalesina
Felder & Felder, 1865, ab. = parola Godman & Salvin, 1898,
ab., — obscurata Haensch, 1909, ab.) Colombia. 7.Id Tithorea tarricina bonita Haensch, 1903. ( = macasica Niepelt,
1915, ab.) Eastern Ecuador to Department of San Martin,
Peru. 7.1e Tithorea tarricina tagarma Hewitson, 1874. (= anachoreta
Thieme, 1902, ab.) Chanchamayo of Peru. 7.2a Tithorea harmonia salvadoris Staudinger, 1885. Mexico, San
Salvador and Guatemala. 7.2b Tithorea harmonia hippothous Godman & Salvin, 1879.
Honduras. 7.2c Tithorea harmonia helicaon Godman & Salvin, 1879. Costa
Rica. 7.2d Tithorea harmonia irene (Drury), 1782. (= umbratilis Bates,
1866.) Panama. 7.2e Tithorea harmonia ftiria Staudinger, 1884. Venezuela and
northern Colombia. 7.2f Tithorea harmonia furina Godman & Salvin, 1898. (= flacilla
Godman & Salvin, 1898, ab.) Rio Putumayo north through
central and southern Colombia and along the Cordillera
Merida of Venezuela. 7.2g Tithorea harmonia deltana Fox, 195(3. Orinoca delta,
Venezuela. 7.2h Tithorea harmonia megara (Latreille), 1819. (= flavescens
Kirby, 1887.) Trinidad. 7.2i Tithorea harmonia harmonia (Cramer), 1777. (? = mopsa Linnc, 1767, = mopsa Fabricius, 1781, ? not Linne.)
Venezuelan Guiana, British, French and Dutch Guiana, Para
west in the Amazon and its northerly tributaries. 7.2j Tithorea harmonia cuparina Bates, 1862. Rio Cupari, Brazil 7.2k Tithorea harmonia manabiana Fox, 1956. Western Ecuador. 7.21 Tithorea harmonia hermias Godman & Salvin, 1898. ( =
hermina Haensch, 1903, ab., = napona Haensch, 1909, ab.)
Eastern Ecuador and sorthwestern Peru.
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
29
7.2m Tithorea harmonia martina Fox, 1956. Department of San
Martin, Peru. 7.2n Tithorea harmonia egaensis Butler, 1873. Middle Rio
Maranon and Rio Huallaga, Peru. 7.2o Tithorea harmonia neitha Hoppfer, 1874. (= melanina
Haensch, 1905, ab., = brunnea Haensch, 1905, ab.) Chan-
chamayo region of Peru, Rio Jurua in Brazil. 7.2p Tithorea harmonia pseudonyma Staudinger, 1894. ( =
assimilis Haensch, 1905, ab., = lateflava Haensch, 1909, ab.,
— mira Neustetter, 1929, ab.) Southern Peru, northern and
eastern Bolivia, Mato Grosso of Brazil, Paraguayan Chaco. 7.2q Tithorea harmonia pseiidethra Butler, 1873. Southeastern
Paraguay, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo, Brazil. 7.2r Tithorea harmonia caissara Zikan, 1941. Sierra da Contareira,
Brazil. Genus Elzunia Bryk, 1937. 8.1a Elzunia humboldtii humboldtii (Latreille), 1811. (= flavo-
maculata Staudinger, 1885, ab.) Northern and central
Colombia. 8.1b Elzunia humboldtii albomaculata (Haensch), 1903. ( =
coxeyi Fox, 1941.) Eastern Ecuador. 8.1c Elzunia humboldtii judsoni Fox, 1956. Southern Colombia. 8.2a Elzunia cassandrina cassandrina (Srnka), 1885. Southern
Colombia through eastern Ecuador into northern Peru. 8.2b Elzunia cassandrina microguttata (Rober). 1927. Northern
Colombia. 8.3a Elzunia bonplandii bonplandii (Guerin), 1841. Eastern cordil-
laras of Colombia. 8.3b Elzunia bonplandii descandollesi (Staudinger), 1885. ( =
latreillei Staudinger, 1885, ab.) Cauca valley, Colombia.
8.4 Elzunia tamasea (Hewitson), 1873. (= lugubris Haensch, 1909, ab.)
8.5 Elzunia atahualpa Fox, 1956. "Northeastern Peru; Bassler", probably Rio Putumayo, Colombia.
8.6a Elzunia regalis regalis (Stichel), 1903. (= faba Weymer, 1909.) Colombia. "Muzo" and "Bogota" are the only localities on specimens seen and probably represent the places where the material was purchased; the insects themselves may have come from anywhere within several hundreds of miles of these towns.
30
Fox: Tithoreini & Melinseini
Vol.15: no.l
8.6b Elzunia regalis joiceyi (Kaye), 1918. Cauca valley, Colombia. 8.7 Elzunia pavonii (Butler), 1873. Western Ecuador. The locality on the holotype, "Panama", is an error.
Tribe Melinaeini Fox
9. Genus Melinsea Hiibner, 1816.
9.0 Melinsea mneme (Johansson), 1763. (= mediatrix Weymer, 1890, = mauensis Weymer, 1890, ab.) Venezuelan, British, Dutch and French Guiana, Para in Brazil and the Amazon valley as far up as Teffe, including most of the principal tributaries.
9.1a Melinsea UUs flavicans Hoffmann, 1924. Guerrero and Vera Cruz in Mexico.
9.1b Melinsea lilis imitata Bates, 1864. (= tachypetis Felder & Felder, 1865, = telchinia Boisduval, 1870.) Isthmus of Tuantepec, Mexico, to Costa Rica.
9.1c Melinsea lilis parallelis Butler, 1873. Panama and northwestern Colombia.
9.Id Melinsea Ulis ezra Fox, 1939. Santa Marta mountains, Colombia.
9.1e Melinsea lilis lilis Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847. Coastal hills and mountains of eastern Venezuela.
9.If Melinsea lilis sola Kaye, 1925. (= lateapicalis Hall, 1935, ab., = limitata Hall, 1935.) Trinidad and adjacent Venezuelan coast.
9.1g Melinsea lilis messatis (Hewitson), 1855. Caribbean and Amazon drainage of central and southern Colombia.
9.1h Melinsea UUs erica Bargmann, 1929. Pacific drainage of Colombia.
9.1i Melinsea lilis dodona Hopffer, 1874. Bolivia.
9.2 Melinsea ethra (Latreille), 1820. Southeastern Brazil.
9.3 Melinsea scylax Salvin, 1871. (= ribbei Weymer, 1875.) Guatemala through Panama into the lower Cauca valley in Colombia.
9.4a Melinsea satevis satevis (Doubleday & Hewitson), 1847.
Bolivia. 9.4b Melinsea satevis crameri Godman & Salvin, 1898. (= mneme,
Cramer, 1779, not Johansson, = incisa Kaye. 1925, ab.)
British and Dutch Guiana. 9.4c Melinsea satevis aurantia Forbes, 1942. Monagas, Venezuela.
1961
Journal of the Lepidopterists Society
31
9.5a Melinsea idse idse (Felder & Felder), 1862. Panama to Peru, in and east of the Andes.
9.5b Melinsea idse vespertina Fox, 1945. Western Ecuador.
9.6a Melinsea egina egina (Cramer), 1777. (= ludivica Cramer, 1779.) Venezuelan Guiana, British, Dutch and French Guiana, Para and up the Amazon valley into eastern Colombia and eastern Peru.
9.6b Melinsea egina paraiya Reakirt, 1866. Southeastern Brazil.
9.6c Melinsea egina agricola Hall, 1936. "Ega", the locality on the holotype is doubtful; probably from much further up the valley of the Amazon or its tributaries. 9.7 Melinsea mnemopsis Berg, 1897. (= boliviana Weymer, 1907.) Bolivia.
9.8a Melinsea mselus madeira Moulton, 1909. Rio Madeira, Brazil.
9.8b Melinsea mselus purusana Riley, 1919. (= purusana Aurivil-lius, 1929, abs. syn. and homon., = romani Bryk, 1937.) Lower and Middle Rio Purus, Brazil.
9.8c Melinsea mselus brunnea Riley, 1919. Upper Rio Purus, Brazil.
9.8d Melinsea mselus mayi d'Almeida, 1951. Upper Rio Jurua, Brazil.
9.8e Melinsea mselus cydon Godman & Salvin, 1879. (— pardalis, Druce, 1876, not Bates.) Amazon drainage in Colombia, Peru and northern Bolivia, and some of adjacent Brazil.
9.8f Melinsea mselus mselus (Hewitson), 1860. (= pardalis Bates, 1862.) Rio Putumayo in Colombia and Brazil, and along the Amazon nearly to the mouth.
9.9a Melinsea mseonis borealis Hall, 1935. Merida range, Venezuela.
9.9b Melinsea mseonis mseonis Hewitson, 1869. (= strigilis Weymer, 1890, — sequatoriensis d'Almeida, 1951.) Rio Ortegasa, Rio Caqueta in Amazonian Colombia, to eastern Ecuador.
9.9c Melinsea mseonis zamora Haensch, 1909. Rio Ucayali, Peru. 9.10a Melinsea marsseus marsseus (Hewitson), 1860. Obidos to
Teffe, Brazil. 9.10b Melinsea marsseus rileyi Fox, 1942. (= lucifer Staudinger, 1885, not Bates.) Lower Rio Putumayo, northeastern Peru and on the Amazon as far as Sao Paulo de Oliven^ia. 9.10c Melinsea marsseus niacaria Godman & Salvin, 1898. Rio Caqueta and upper Rio Putumayo, Amazonian Colombia.
32
Fox: Tithoreini & Melinseini
Vol.15: no.l
9.10d Melinsea marsseus clara Rosenberg & Talbot, 1914. Southern
Peru to San Antonio on the Rio Madeira in Brazil. 9.11a Melinsea phasiana manga Haensch, 1909. Teffe, Brazil. 9.11b Melinsea phasiana phasiana Butler, 1870. (—divisa
Staudinger, 1885, = acrsena d'Almeida, 1951.) Rio Ucayali,
Urubamba in Peru and Rio Jurua in Brazil. 9.12a Melinsea msenius msenius (Hewitson), 1860. Obidos to Teffe
on the Amazon. 9.12b Melinsea msenius hicetas Godman & Salvin, 1879. Rio Napo
in Ecuador to the Maranon and Ucayali in Peru. 9.12c Melinsea msenius cocana Haensch, 1903. Rio Caqueta in
Colombia to northeastern Peru. Possibly only an aberration. 9.12d Melinsea msenius tarapotensis Haensch, 1909. Tarapoto and
Huayabamba, Peru. 9.12e Melinsea msenius jurusensis d'Almeida, 1943. Rio Jurua, Brazil. 9.12f Melinsea msenius pothete d'Almeida, 1945. Matto Grosso,
Brazil. 9.13a Melinsea menophilus menophilus (Hewitson), 1855. (= ishka
Butler, 1870, = flavosignata Staudinger, 1885, ab., = hicetas,
Staudinger, 1885, not Godman & Salvin, = egesta Godman &
Salvin, 1898, ab.) Amazonian Colombia, some of eastern
Ecuador, northern and central Peru. 9.13b Melinsea menophilus zaneka Butler, 1870. (= dora Streker,
1876, = maculosa Haensch, 1903, ab., = discurrens Haensch,
1909, ab.) Eastern Ecuador in Napo-Pastaza and Santiago-
Zamora areas, where M. m. menophilus is not found. 9.13c Melinsea menophilus orestes Salvin, 1871. ( = chincha Druce,
1876. = magnifica Haensch, 1905, ab.) Central Peru, Rio
Jurua, upper Rio Madeira and upper Rio Purus in Brazil. 9.14a Melinsea mothone messenina Felder & Felder, 1865. Upper
Rio Negro in Brazil, perhaps into Amazonian Colombia. 9.14b Melinsea mothone mothone (Hewitson), 1869. (= cydippe
Salvin, 1871.) Rio Putumayo in Colombia through eastern
Ecuador and central Peru to Bolivia. 9.15a Melinsea comma isocomma Forbes, 1948. Upper Rio Negro,
Rio Caqueta in Colombia. 9.15b Melinsea comma simulator Fox, 1960. Napo-Pastaza district,
eastern Ecuador. 9.15c Melinsea comma comma Forbes, 1927. Chanchamayo, Peru. 9.16a Melinsea thera thera Felder & Felder, 1865. Itabapoana, Rio,
Brazil.
1961
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
33
9.16b Melinsea thera eratosthenes Hall, 1935. French Guiana. 9.17a Melinsea lucifer lucifer Bates, 1862. Sao Paulo de Oliven^ia,
Brazil. 9.17b Melinsea lucifer lutzi Fox, 1942. Upper Rio Maranon, Peru. 9.17c Melinsea lucifer eryx d'Almeida, 1951. Upper Rio Jurua,
Brazil.
References Cited
d'Almeida, R. F., 1942. Alguns tipos de generos da ordem Lepidoptera. la nota: Rhopalocera, fam. Mechanitididae. Papeis avulsos, Dept. Zool., Sao Paulo, Brasil 2: 179-196.
Fox, R. M., 1940. A generic review of the Ithomiinae. Trans. American ent. soc.
66: 161-207, 4 pis. .............., 1956. A monograph of the Ithomiidae (Lepidoptera), Part 1. Bull. American mus. not. hist. Ill: 1-76, 75 text fig., 9 pis. [With keys and bibliography.]
............, 1960a. A postscript on the ithomine tribe Tithoreini. Journ. New York
ent. soc. 68: 152-156, 1 fig. [Reorganizes synonymy of Patricia, gives a revised key; adds one subspecies of Tithorea harmonia.]
..............„ 1960b. A monograph of the Itbomiidae (Lepidoptera), Part II. Trans.
American ent. soc. 86: 109-171, 28 text figs., 4 pis. [With keys and bibliography.]
Haensch, R., 1909. Familie: Danaidae. In A. Seitz, Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart. Vol. 5: 113-171, pis. 31-41.
Section of Insects & Spiders, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh 13, Pa., U. S. A.
The stylized Lepidoptera on the covers of volumes 14 and 15 were drawn by William Vars, of the Department of Zoology of Yale University.