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1960
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
19
PRELIMINARY CONTRIBUTION TO A REDEFINITION OF THE GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN HAIRSTREAKS (LYOENIDiE) NORTH OF MEXICO
by J. Benjamin Ziegler
It is well known that the generic arrangement of the North American hairstreaks (Theclinas auct.) is unsatisfactory (cf. A. B. Klots,, 1951: p. 126). The current classification is exemplified for the eastern part of the continent north of Mexico by that of Klots (1951: pp.314-316), and for the continent as a whole north of Mexico by that of J. McDunnough (1938).
For some time the .author has been working on this problem, and has arrived at a revised classification based in large part on a survey of the male and female genitalia of practically all of the hairstreaks known to be permanent residents of North America north of Mexico. Although a definitive manuscript giving full details of this work is in process of preparation, increasing current interest in this area has prompted the presentation of the major results at this time. They may be summarized as follows:
(1) The species contained in the monotypic genera Habrodais Scudder, Hypaurotis Scudder, Eumceus Hiibner, Atlides Hiibner, and Erora Scudder are quite distinct and these genera may be retained, at least provisionally.
(2) The genus Strymon Hiibner with S. melinus Hiibner as type species is restricted to a few of the species currently included therein.
(3) The type species of the monotypic genera Callipsyche Scudder and Satyrium Scudder are found to be congeneric with each other and with a large group of species hitherto included in the heterogeneous "genus" Strymon (s. I.). The name Satyrium Scudder is selected for this new grouping.
(4) The remaining species from the old Strymon (s.l.), apparently mostly tropical in their affinities, were for the most part not studied and are relegated for the time being to the non-committal, quasi-generic grouping "Strymon." It is emphasized that this is purely a device of nomenclatorial convenience, and it is not intended that the term "Strymon" should have any formal status in nomenclature. Much more study of the Neotropical fauna will be required to enable proper placement of these species.
(5) The genera Mitoura Scudder, Incisalia Scudder, and Callophrys Billberg are combined under the latter name.*
(6) The two genera Satyrium (s.l.) and Callophrys (s.l.) y as herein redefined, are subdivided into sections and species groups. No new infrageneric names are coined, but existing names are indicated where applicable in a sub-generic sense.
Changes made in the existing classification are given below in checklist form, expanded to indicate the infrageneric groupings adopted; no attempt has been made to re-assess the taxonomic validity of the specific names listed.
* This combination was first suggested by Mr. Harry K. Clench, based on other than genitalic characters.
20
Ziegler: Hairstreak genera
Vol.14: no.l
This is followed by keys defining the generic and infrageneric groupings as listed. The genitalic terms used are taken from Klots (in S. L. Tuxen, 1956). Male genitalia were mounted for study to show the ventro-caudal aspect, with the valvae and penis removed and mounted separately to display the ventro-caudal and lateral aspects, respectively. Female genitalia were mounted to show the ventral aspect.
Several individuals and institutions have generously given assistance of various sorts during the conduct of this research. Proper acknowledgment of this indebtedness will be deferred for the most part until the appearance of the amplified version of this paper. However, it is desired to express thanks at this time to Dr. Paul R. Ehrlich and Mr. Harry K. Clench for kindly permitting the examination before publication of their manuscript describing the new species (and subgenus) Callophrys (Sandia) macfarlandi Ehrlich & Clench.
Check List of Species Formerly Included in the Genera Strymonj Callipsyche, Satyrium, Mitoura, Incisalia, and Callophrys
Strymon Hiibner
1. melinus Hiibner
2. avalona Wright
3. martialis Herrich-Schafler
4. acis Drury
5. columella Fabricius Satyrium Scudder (s.l.)
Section A Group I
1. liparops Boisduval & Leconte
2. kingi Klots & Clench
3. thus Fabricius
4. behrii Edwards
5. scEpium Boisduval Group II
6. fuliginosa Edwards
7. adenostomatis Henry Edwards
8. auretorum Boisduval Section B
Group III
9. falacer Godart
10. calanus Hiibner
11. cary<£vorus McDunnough
12. edwardsii Grote & Robinson
13. californica Edwards
14. acadica Edwards
15. sylvinus Boisduval
16. dry ope Edwards
1960
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
Group IV
17. Ontario Edwards
18. favonius J. E. Smith Group V
19. alcestis Edwards
20. oslari Dyar
Callophrys Billberg Section A Group I (subgenus Mitoura Scudder)
1. gryneus Hiibner
2. siva Edwards
3. loki Skinner
4. hesseli Rawson & Ziegler
5. nelsoni Boisduval
Section B Group II (subgenus Sandia Clench & Ehrlich)
6. xami Reakirt
7. macfarlandi Ehrlich & Clench
Group III (subgenus Inctsalia Scudder)
8. augustinus Westwood
9. iroides Boisduval
10. irus Godart
11. henrici Grote & Robinson
12. mossii Henry Edwards
13. fotis Strecker
14. doudoroffi dos Passos
15. polios Cook & Watson
16. lanoraieensis Sheppard
17. niphon Hiibner
18. eryphon Boisduval Section C
Group IV
19. spinetorum Hewitson
20. johnsoni Skinner
Group V (subgenus Callophrys Billberg)
21. dumetorum Boisduval
22. affinis Edwards
23. sheridani Edwards
24. apama Edwards
"Strymori"
1. m-alhum Boisduval & Leconte
2. cecrops Fabricius
3. beon Cramer
22
Ziegler: Hairstreak genera
Vol.14: no.l
4. buchholzi H. A. Freeman
5. simcethis Drury
6. pastor Butler & Druce
7. facuna Hewltson
8. masites Herrich-Schafler
9. bazochii Godart
10. clytie Edwards
11. azta Hewitson
12. endymion Fabricius
13. cestri Reakirt
14. yojoa Reakirt
15. spurina Hewitson
16. laceyi Barnes & Mc Dunnough
17. zebina Hewitson
18. rufofusca Hewitson
19. echion Linnaeus
20. jada Hewitson
21. critola Hewitson
22. leda Edwards
23. polingi Barnes & Benjamin
KEYS TO THE GENERA STRYMON s. s., CALLOPHRYS, AND SATYRIUM
A. Based on Male Genitalia.
1. Orifice of aedceagus unornamented, the aedceagus being simply and abruptly truncated distally .............................................................Strymon
1. Orifice of aedceagus with a prominent rostellum and one or two cornuti, usually serrate, directed dorso-caudally....................................................2
2. ^Edceagus rather more than twice as long as long axis of ring, more or less strongly curved ventrally, rostellum rather less conspicuous, flattened or spatulate dorso-ventrally ____.........................___............Callophrys
2. /Edceagus considerably less than twice as long as long axis of ring, slightly curved dorsally, rostellum more conspicuous, heavily sclerotized and keel-shaped, flattened laterally ......___.....................______Satyrium
B. Based on Female Genitalia.
1. Ductus bursae with a more or less tightly-convoluted spiral near corpus bursas; latter with paired, elongated, "feather-shaped" signa ...... Styrnon
1. Ductus bursas straight, without convolution near corpus bursae, paired signa of the latter, when present, not "feather-shaped" ........................2
2. Corpus bursas without a sclerotized cervix at juncture with ductus bursas.............................................................................................Callophrys
2. Corpus bursas with a narrow, more or less heavily sclerotized cervix at juncture with ductus bursas..........................................................Satyrium
1960 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23
KEY TO SECTIONS AND SPECIES GROUPS OF THE GENUS SATYRIUM BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA
1. Genital plate with a bilateral pair of more or less conspicuous, more or less heavily-sclerotized, lobe-like pockets or invaginations, their bottoms directed cephalad (SECTION A) ..............................................................2
1. Genital plate without such a pair of pockets (SECTION B) ................3
2. Ductus bursae relatively short, flaring widely at or near antrum, outline ovate or roughly triangular..................................I. LIPAROPS GROUP
2. Ductus bursae relatively longer and without marked flare at or near antrum ................................................................II. FULIGINOSA GROUP
3. Ductus bursae with shallowly sinuate outline, doubly or triply-inflected and narrowing between ostium bursae and corpus bursas
..............................................................................III. FALACER GROUP
3. Ductus bursae without definitely sinuate outline........____......____............4
4. Ductus bursae relatively short and lightly sclerotized with rather fragile wrinkled appearance ......_______.......................IV. ONTARIO GROUP
4. Ductus bursae relatively longer and more heavily sclerotized, with more robust, smoother appearance................................V. ALCESTIS GROUP
KEY TO SECTIONS AND SPECIES GROUPS OF CALLOPHRYS BASED ON 9 GENITALIA AND WINGS 1. Corpus bursae with signum vestigial or absent (SECTION A)
..........................................I. GRYNEUS GROUP (Subgenus Mitoura)
1. Corpus bursae with paired signa present ....................................................2
2. Ductus bursae weakly sclerotized or membranous at juncture with corpus bursae and/or antrum of ductus (SECTION B) ......................................3
2. Ductus bursae entirely sclerotized (SECTION C)..................................4
3. Wings beneath a shade of green
................................II. MACFARLANDI GROUP (Subgenus Sandia)
3. Wings beneath a shade of brown or gray, not green
............................................III. NIPHON GROUP (Subgenus Incisalia)
4. Hind wings with tail, color beneath a shade of brown
......................................................................IV. SPINETORUM GROUP
4. Hind wings without tail, color beneath a shade of green
..............................___________V. RUBI GROUP (Subgenus Callophrys)
References
Klots, Alexander B., 1951. A field guide to the butterflies of North America, east of
the Great Plains. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. ............, 1956. 20 Lepidoptera, in: S. L. Tuxen, Taxonomisfs glossary of genitalia in
Insects: 97-111. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen. McDunnough, J., 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States
of America. Mem. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 23-25.
64 Canoe Brook Parkway, Summit, N. J., U. S. A.